Bk 5 Zakat (Kitab Al−Zakat)
INTRODUCTION
Of the five fundamentals of Islam, Zakat occupies the second
positioin, the first being prayer (salat). This word is
derived from Zakd, which means it (a plant) grew. The second
derivative of this word carries the sense of purificatin, e.
g. Qad aflaha man zakkaha (he is indeed successful who
purified himself). The other word used for zakat both in the
Qur'an and the Hadith is sadaqa which is derived from sidq
(the truth). Both these words are highly meaningful. The
spending of wealth for the sake of Allah purifies the heart of
man of the love of material wealth. The man who spends it
offers that as a humble gift before the Lord and thus affirms
the truth that nothing is dearer to him in life than the love
of Allah and that he is full prepared to sacrifice everything
for His sake. Secondly, zakat is the most effective measure to
improve the economic condition of the have−nots. It is not,
however, a mere tax, but a form of worship whereby a man comes
close to his Lord. The Muslims have, therefore, been enjoined
to pay zakat with the same sense of earnestness and devotion
in which the seeker of the Lord observes the prayer. The
primary motive of zakat is religious and spiritual, while the
social and economic aspects are subservient to it. Its social
significance is that it awakens in man the sense of
brotherhood with less fortunate members of society, and stirs
his moral conscience to make sacrifice for their sake. From
the economic point of view it discourages hoarding and
concentration of wealth and helps its steady and constant flow
from the rich to the poor. It is in fact a good means of
providing purchasing power to the poor, for ameliorating their
hard lot and enabling them to stand on their own legs. It
should also be remembered that zakat or sadaqa in Islam is not
a voluntary act of charity which a rich man gives to the poor
out of his own sweet will, but it is an obligatory act which
every Muslim is enjoined upon to perform if he is sincere in
his belief in God and the Hereafter. Thus there is no burden
of obligation on one who receives zakat, but a sense of
thankfulness and gratitude on the part of the giver, since he
has been enabled by the recipient to discharge his obligation
that he owes to God and society. (O Prophet), take sadaqa
(zakat) out of their property−thou wouldst cleanse them and
purify them thereby (Qur'an, ix. 103). And away from it (the
Hell) shall be kept the most faithful to duty who gives his
wealth, purifying himself (xcii. 17−18). So much is the
importance of zakat in Islam that it has been mentioned at
eightytwo places in the Qur'an in close connection with
prayer. The Companions of the Holy Prophet (may peace be upon
him) knew its basic importance in Islam. It is a known fact
that after the death of the Apostle of Allah (may peace he
upon him) when some of the tribes, who believed in the oneness
of God and observed prayer, refused to pay zakat, the first
Caliph Abu Bakr Siddiq (Allah be pleased with him), in an
answer to the advice of Hadrat 'Umar (Allah be pleased with
him) to show tolerance towards such people. said in explicit
terms, By Allah, I would definitely wage war against them who
dissociate prayer from Zakat. Zakat is paid on the surplus of
wealth which is left over after the passage of a year. It is
thus a payment on the accumulated wealth. Leaving aside
animals and agricultural yield, zakat is paid at almost a
uniform rate of two and a half %. The minimum standard of
surplus wealth over which zakat is charged is known as Nisab.
It differs with different kinds of property, the most
important being 200 dirhams or 521 tolas (nearly 21 oz.) In
case of silver, and 20 mithqals or 71 tolas (nearly 3 oz.) in
case of gold. The nisab of cash is the same as that of gold
and silver. As regards the persons to whom zakat is to be
paid, they have been clearly described in the Holy Qur'an:
Alms are only for the poor, the needy, the officials charged
with the duty of collection, those whose hearts are inclined
to truth, the ransoming of captives, those in debt, in the way
of Allah, and the wayfarer (ix 60).
Chapter 1:...
Bk 2, Number 2134:
Abu Sa'id al−Khudri reported Allah's Messenger (way peace be
upon him) as saying: No sadaqa (zakat) is payable on less than
five wasqs of (dates or grains), on less than five camel−heads
and on less than five uqiyas (of silver).
Bk 5, Number 2135:
A hadith like this has been narrated by 'Amr b. Yahya with the
same chain of transmitters.
Bk 5, Number 2136:
'Umara reported: I heard Abd Sa'id al−Khudri as saying that he
had heard Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) make
(this) observation with a gesture of his five fingers, and
then he narrated the hadith as transmitted by 'Uyaina (hadith
2134).
Bk 5, Number 2137:
Abu Sa'id al−Khudri reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be
upon him) as saying: Sadaqa (zakat) is payable on less than
five wasqs of (dates or grains), on less than five
camel−heads, and on less than five uqiyas (of silver).
Bk 5, Number 2138:
Abu Sa'id al−Khudri reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be
upon him) as saying: No Sadaqa is payable on less than five
wasqs of dates or grains.
Bk 5, Number 2139:
Abu Sa'id al−Khudri reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be
upon him) as saying: No Sadaqa is payable on the grains and
dates till it (comes to the Weight) of five wasqs, or less
than five heads of camels, or less than five uqiyas (of
silver).
Bk 5, Number 2140:
A hadith like this has been narrated by Isma'il b. Umayya with
the same chain of transmitters.
Bk 5, Number 2141:
A hadith like this has been narrated by Isma'il b. Umayya with
the same chain of transmitters, but instead of the word dates,
fruit has been used.
Bk 5, Number 2142:
Jabir b. 'Abdullah reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be
upon him) as saying: No Sadaqa is payable on less than five
fiqiyas of silver, and on less than five heads of camels, and
less than five wasqs of dates.
Bk 5, Number 2143:
Jabir b. Abdullah reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be
upon him) as saying: A tenth is payable on what is watered by
rivers, or rains, and a twentieth on what is watered by
camels.
Chapter 2: NO ZAKAT IS DUE FROM A MUSLIM ON HIS SLAVE OR HIS
HORSE
Bk 5, Number 2144:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messsenger (may peace be upon
him) as saying: No Sadaqa is due from a Muslim on his slave or
horse.
Bk 5, Number 2145:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)
as saying: No Sadaqa is due from a Muslim on his slave or
horse.
Bk 5, Number 2146:
A hadith like this has been narrated by Abu Huraira through
another chain of transmitters.
Bk 5, Number 2147:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)
as saying: There is no Sadaqa on a slave except
Sadaqat−ul−Fitr.
Chapter 3: SENDING OFF FOR THE PAYMENT OF ZAKAT AND OF
REFUSING TO PAY IT
Bk 5, Number 2148:
Abu Huraira reported that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be
upon him) sent Umar for (collecting) Sadaqa (zakat), and it
was said that Ibn Jamil, Khalid b. Walid and 'Abbas the uncle
of the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him), refused (to
pay it). Upon this the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon
him) said: Ibn Jamil is taking revenge but for this that he
was destitute and Allah made him rich. As regards Khalid, you
are unjust to Khalid, for be reserved his armours and weapons
for the sake of Allah, and as for 'Abbas, I shall be
responsible for it and an equal amount along with it. And he
again said: 'Umar, bear this in mind, the uncle of a person is
like his father.
Chapter 4: ZAKAT (SADAQA) FITR IS BINDING ON EVERY MUSLIM
Bk 5, Number 2149:
Ibn Umar said that Allah's Messenger (way peace be upon him)
prescribed the payment of Zakat−ul−Fitr (on breaking the fast)
of Ramadan for people, for every freeman, or slave, male and
female among the Muslims−one sa' of dried dates, or one sa' of
barley.
Bk 5, Number 2150:
Ibn 'Umar said that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon
him) prescribed Zakat−ul−Fitr one sa' of dates or one sa' of
barley for every slave or freeman, young or old.
Bk 5, Number 2151:
Ibn 'Umar said that the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon
him) prescribed the Sadaqa of Ramadan (Sadaqat−al−Fitr) one
sa' of dates or one sa' of barley for every free man or a
slave, male or female, and then the people equalised (one sa'
of dates or barley) with half a sa' of wheat.
Bk 5, Number 2152:
Abdullah b. Umar reported that the Messenger of Allah (may
peace be upon him) ordered the (payment of) Zakat−ul−Fitr one
sa' of dates, or one sa' of barley. Ibn 'Umar ('Abdullah b.
'Umar) further said: The people equalised it (then) with two
mudds of fine wheat.
Bk 5, Number 2153:
Ibn Umar reported that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be
upon him) prescribed Zakat−ul−Fitr of Ramadan one sa' of dates
or one sa' of barley for every individual among the Muslims
(whether) free man or slave, male or female, young or old.
Bk 5, Number 2154:
Sad b. Abu Sarh heard Abu Sa'id al−Khudri as saying: We used
to take out as the Zakat of Fitr one sa' of grain, or one sa'
of barley or one sa' of dates, or one sa' of cheese or one sa'
of raisins.
Bk 5, Number 2155:
Abd Sa'id al−Khudri reported: We, on behalf of every young or
old, free man or slave (amongst us), used to take out during
the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him)
as the Zakat of Fitr one sa' of grain, or one sa' of cheese or
one sa' of raisins. And we continued taking out these till
Mu'awiya b. Abu Sufyan came to us for pilgrimage or 'Umra, and
addressed the people on the pulpit and said to them: I see
that two mudds of zakat out of the wheat (red) of Syria is
equal to one sa' of dates. So the people accepted it. But Abu
Sa'id said: I would continue to take out as I used to take out
(before, i e. one sa') as long as I live.
Bk 5, Number 2156:
Sa'd b. Abu Sarh heard Abu Sa'id al−Khudri as saying: We, on
behalf of young or old, free or slave, used to take out the
Zakat of Fitr while the Messenger of Allah (may peace he upon
him) was among us, in three kinds, one sa' of dates, one sa'
of cheese, or one sa' of barley, and we continued to take that
out till the time of Mu'awiya, for he saw that two mudds of
wheat were equal to one sa' of dates. Abu Sa'id sald: I would
continue to take that out as before (i e. one sa' of wheat).
Bk 5, Number 2157:
Abu Sa'id al Khudri reported: We used to take out the Zakat of
Fitr in three kinds, cheese, dates and barley.
Bk 5, Number 2158:
Abu Sa'id al−Khudri reported that when Mu'awiya prescribed
half a sa' of wheat equal to one sa' of dates, he (Abu Sa'id
al−Khudri) objected to it, and said: I would take out
(Sadaqat−ul−Fitr) but that which I used to bring forth during
the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him)
one sa' of dates, or one sa' of raisins, or one sa' of barley,
or one sa' of cheese.
Chapter 5: TAKING OUT OF SADAQAT−UL−FITR BEFORE OBSERVING FITR
PRAYER
Bk 5, Number 2159:
Ibn 'Umar reported that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be
upon him) ordered that the Sadaqat−ul−Fitr should be paid
before the people go out for prayer.
Bk 5, Number 2160:
Abdullah b 'Umar reported that the Messenger of Allah (may
peace be upon him) ordered the payment of Sadaqat−ul−Fitr
before people go out for prayer.
Chapter 6: SIN OF ONE WHO DOES NOT PAY ZAKAT
Bk 5, Number 2161:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (way peace be upon him)
as saying: If any owner of gold or silver does not pay what is
due on him, when the Day of Resurrection would come, plates of
fire would be beaten out for him; these would then be heated
in the fire of Hell and his sides, his forehead and his back
would be cauterized with them. Whenever these cool down, (the
process is) repeated during a day the extent of which would be
fifty thousand years, until judgment is pronounced among
servants, and he sees whether his path is to take him to
Paradise or to Hell. It was said: Messenger of Allah, what
about the camel? He (the Holy Prophet) said: If any owner of
the camel does not pay what is due on him, and of his due in
that (camel) is (also) to milk it on the day when it comes
down to water. When the Day of Resurrection comes a soft sandy
plain would be set for him, as extensive as possible, (he will
find) that not a single young one is missing, and they will
trample him with their hoofs and bite him with their mouths.
As often as the first of them passes him, the last of them
would be made to return during a day the extent of which would
be fifty thousand years, until judgment is pronounced among
servants and he sees whether his path is to take him to
Paradise or to Hell. It was (again) said: Messenger of Allah,
what about cows (cattle) and sheep? He said: It any owner of
the cattle and sheep does not pay what is due on them, when
the Day of Resurrection comes a soft sandy plain would be
spread for them, he will find none of them missing, with
twisted horns, without horns or with a broken horn, and they
will gore him with their horns and trample him with their
hoofs. As often as the first of them passes him the last of
them would be made to return to him during a day the extent of
which would be fifty thousand years, until judgment would be
pronounced among the servants. And he would be shown his
path−path leading him to Paradise or to Hell. It was said:
Messenger of Allah, what about the horse? Upon this he said:
The horses are of three types. To one than (these are) a
burden, and to another man (these are) a covering, and still
to another man (these are) a source of reward. The one for
whom these are a burden is the person who rears them in order
to show off, for vainglory and for opposing the Muslims; so
they are a burden for him. The one for whom these are a
covering is the person who rears them for the sake of Allah
but does not forget the right of Allah concerning their backs
and their necks, and so they are a covering for him. As for
those which bring reward (these refer to) the person who rears
them for the sake of Allah to be used for Muslims and he puts
them in meadow and field. And whatever thing do these eat from
that meadow and field would be recorded on his behalf as good
deeds, as would also the amount of their dung and urine. And
these would not break their halter and prance a course or two
without having got recorded the amount of their hoof marks and
their dung as a good deed on his behalf (on behalf of their
owner). And their master does not bring them past a river from
which they drink, though he did not intend to quench their
thirst, but Allah would record for him the amount of what they
drink on his behalf as deeds. It was said: Messenger of Allah,
what about the asses?, Upon this he said: Nothing has been
revealed to me in regard to the asses (in particular) except
this one verse of a comprehensive nature:" He who does an
atom's weight of good will see it, and he who does an atom's
weight of evil will see it" (xcix. 7)
Bk 5, Number 2162:
This hadith has been narrated by Zaid b. Aslam with the same
chain of transmitters except that he said:" None among the
owners of camels who does not pay their due," but did not say"
their due (Zakat) out of them." and he make a mention:" He did
not miss a single young one out of them." and he said:" Their
sides. their foreheads and their backs would be cauterised."
Bk 5, Number 2163:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)
as saying: No owner of the treasure who does not pay Zakat
(would be spared) but (his hoards) would be heated in the Fire
of Hell and these would be made into plates and with these his
sides, his forehead would be cauterised till Allah would
pronounce judgment among His servants during a day, the extent
of which would be fifty thousand years. He would then see his
path, leading either to Paradise or to Hell. And no owner of
the camels who does not pay Zakat (would be spared) but a soft
sandy plain would be set for him and they (the camels) would
be made to pass over him till the last of them would be made
to return till Allah would pronounce judgment among His
servants during a day the extent of which would be fifty
thousand years. He would then see his path leading him to
Paradise or leading him to Hell. And no owner of the (cattle
and) goats who does not pay Zakat (would be spared) but a soft
sandy plain would be set for him, he would find none of them
missing, with twisted horns, without horns, or with broken
horns, and they will gore him with their horns and trample him
with their hoofs and they would be made to pass over him till
the last of them would be made to return till Allah would
pronounce judgment among His servants, during a day the extent
of which would be fdty thousand years, and he would see the
paths leading to Paradise or to Hell. Suhail said: I do not
know whether he made mention of the cows. They said: Messenger
of Allah (may peace be upon him), what about the horses? He
said: The horses have goodness in their foreheads (or he said)
or goodness is ingrained in the foreheads of the horses
(Suhail said: I am in doubt as to what was actually said) up
till the Day of judgement. The horses are of three kinds. They
are a source of reward to a person, they are a covering to a
person, and they are a burden to a person. As for those which
bring reward is that a person would get reward who rears them
for the sake of Allah and trains them for Him, and nothing
disappears in their stomachs but Allah would record for him a
good deed. And if they were to graze in the meadow, they would
eat nothing but Allah would record for him a reward. And if
they were to drink water from the canal, with every drop that,
would disappear in their stomachs there would be reward (for
the owner). He went on describing till a reward was mentioned
for their urine and dung. And if they pranced a course or two,
there would be recorded a reward for every pace that they
covered. As for one for whom they are a covering, he is the
man who rears them for honour and dignity but does not forget
the right of their backs and their stomachs, in plenty and
adversity, As regards one for whom they are a burden, he is
that who rears them for vainglory and showing off to the
people; for him they are, the burden. They said: Messenger of
Allah, what about asses? He said: Allah has not revealed to me
anything in regards to it except this one comprehensive
verse:" He who does an atom's weight of good will see it, and
he who does an atom's weight of evil will see it" (xcix. 7).
Bk 5, Number 2164:
This hadith has been narrated by Suhail b. Abu Salih with the
same chain of transmitters, and he said he substituted the
word aqsa' with 'adba' and said:" his side and his back," but
he made no mention of his forehead.
Bk 5, Number 2165:
This hadith has been narrated by Abu Huraira through another
chain of transmitters: The Messenger of Allah (may peace be
upon him) said:" When a person does not pay what is due to
Allah or Sadaqa of his camels...." The rest of the hadith is
the same.
Bk 5, Number 2166:
Jabir b. 'Abdullah al−Ansari reported Allah's Messenger (may
peace be upon him) as saying: The owner of a camel who does
not pay what is due on it (would be punished in this way) that
on the Day of Resurrection many more (along with his camel)
would come and the owner would be made to sit on a soft sandy
ground and they would trample him with their feet and hooves.
And no owner of the cattle who does not pay what is due on
them (would be spared the punishment) but on the Day of
Resurrection, many more would come and he (the owner) would be
made to sit on the soft sandy ground and would be gored by
their horns and trampled under their feet. And no owner of the
goats and sheep who does not pay what is due on them (would be
spared of punishment) but many more would come on the Day of
Resurrection and he (the owner) would be made to sit on a soft
sandy ground and they would gore him with their horns and
trample him under their hooves. And there would be more (among
this flock of sheep and goat) without horns or with broken
horns. And no owner of the treasure who does not pay its due
but his treasure would come on the Day of Resurrection like a
bald snake and would pursue him with its mouth open, and when
it would come near he would run away from it, and he would be
called thus:" Take your treasure which you concealed, for I do
not need it." When he would find no way out he would put his
hand in its mouth and it would gnaw it like a he−camel. Abu
Zubair said: We heard Ubaid b. Umair saying this. We then
asked Jabir b. 'Abdullah about this. And he also said like
Ubaid b. Umair, Abu Zubair said: I heard 'Ubaid b. 'Umair
saying: A man said: Messenger of Allah, what is due on camels?
He said: Milking them near water, and lending of bucket (used
for drawing water from it), or lending its male for mating
with a she−camel and providing it as a ride for the sake of
Allah.
Bk 5, Number 2167:
Jabir b. Abdullah reported the Apostle of Allah (may peace be
upon him) as saying: No owner of camels or cattle or flock of
sheep or goats who does not pay his due (would be spared
punishment) but would be made to sit on the Day of
Resurrection on a soft sandy ground and the hoofed animals
would trample him with their hoofs and gore him with their
horns. And none of them on that day would be without horns, or
with broken horns. We said: Messenger of. Allab, but what is
due on them? He said: Lending of the male (for use) and
lending of the bucket (used for drawing water for them) and
for mating and milking them near water and providing them as a
ride for the sake of Allah. And no owner of the property who
does not pay Zakat (would be spared punishment) but it (his
property) would turn into a bald snake and would follow its
owner wherever he would go, and he would run away from it, and
it would be said to him: That is your property about which you
were stingy. And when he would find no other way out he would
thrust his hand in its mouth and it would gnaw it like a male
camel.
Chapter 7: PLEASING OF THE COLLECTOR
Bk 5, Number 2168:
Jabir b. 'Abdullah reported: There came people from among the
Bedouins to the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) and
said: Collectors of Sadaqa come to us and treat us unjustly.
Upon this the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said:
Please your collectors. Jarir said: Ever since I heard it from
the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) no collector
had departed but was pleased with me.
Bk 5, Number 2169:
This hadith has been narrated by Muhammad b. Isma'il with the
same chain of transmitters.
Chapter 8: THE GRAVITY OF PUNISHMENT FOR ONE WHO DOES NOT PAY
ZAKAT
Bk 5, Number 2170:
Abu Dharr reported: I went to the Apostle of Allah (may peace
be upon him) and he was sitting under the shade of the Ka'ba.
As he saw me he said: By the Lord of the Ka'ba, they are the
losers. I came there till I sat and I could not stay (longer)
and (then) stood up. I said: Messenger of Allah, let my
father, be ransom for you, who are they (the losers)? He said:
They are those having a huge amount of wealth except so and so
and (those who spend their wealth generously on them whom they
find in front of them, behind them and on their right side and
on their left side) and they are a few. And no owner of
camels, or cattle or goat and sheep, who does not pay Zakat
(would be spared punishment) but these (camels, cattle, goats
and sheep) would come on the Day of Resurrection wearing more
flesh and would gore him with their horns and trample them
with their hooves. And when the last one would pass away, the
first one would return (to trample him) till judgment would be
pronounced among people.
Bk 5, Number 2171:
Abu Dbarr reported: I went to the Apostle of Allah (may peace
be upon him) and he was sitting under the shade of the Ka'ba,
and the rest of the hadith it the same but for this that he
(the Holy Prophet) said:" By Allah, in Whose hand is my life,
no person on earth who dies and leaves behind camels, or
cattle or goat and sheep, and does not pay Zakat (would be
spared the punishment)."
Bk 5, Number 2172:
Abu Huraira reported that the Prophet (may peace be upon him)
said: Nothing is more delighting to me than this that Uhud
should be of gold for me, and no dinar is left with me out of
it before three nights pass except a dinar which I would set
aside for the repayment of debt upon me.
Bk 5, Number 2173:
Abu Huraira reported the same from the Prophet (may peace be
upon him).
Chapter 9: EXHORTATION TO GIVE SADAQA
Bk 5, Number 2174:
Abu Dharr reported: I walked with the Messenger of Allah (may
peace be upon him) on the stony ground of Medina in the
afternoon and we were looking at Uhud. The Messenger of Allah
(way peace by upon him) said: Abu Dharr! I said: Messenger of
Allah, I am here at thy beck and call. He said: What I desire
is that Uhud be gold with me and three nights should pass and
there is left with me any dinar but one coin which I would
keep to pay debt. (I love) to spend it among the servants of
Allah like this and he pointed in front of him, and on his
right side and on his left side. We then proceeded on and he
said: Abu Dharr. I said: At thy beck and call, Messenger of
Allah. He (the Holy Prophet) said: The rich would be poor on
the Day of Resurrection, but he who spent like this and like
this and like this, and he pointed as at the first time. We
again went on when he said. Abu Dharr, stay where you are till
I come back to you. He (the Holy Prophet) then moved on till
he disappeared from my sight He (Abu Dharr) said: I heard a
sound and I heard a noise. I said (to myself): The Messenger
of Allah (may peace be upon him) might have met (mishap or an
enemy). I wished to follow him but I remembered his command
for not departing till he would come back. So I waited for
him, and when he came I made a mention of what I heard. He
said: it was Gabriel, who came to me and said:" He who dies
among your Ummah without associating Anything with Allah would
enter Paradise. I said: Even if he committed fornication or
theft? He said: Even if he committed fornication or theft.
Bk 5, Number 2175:
Abu Dharr reported: I went out one night (and found) the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) walking all alone.
There was no man with him. I thought that he did not like
anyone walking along with him. So I began to walk in the light
of the moon. He, however turned his attention to me and saw me
and said: Who is this? I said: It is Abu Dharr. Let Allah make
me as ransom for you. He said: Abu Dharr, come on. He (Abu
Dharr) said: So I walked along with him for some time and he
said: The wealthy persons would have little (reward) on the
Day of Resurrection, except upon whom Allah conferred goodness
(wealth). He dispensed it to his right, left, in front of him
and at his back (just as the wind diffuses fragrance) and did
good with it (riches). I went along with him for some time
when He said: Sit here. And he made me sit at a safe place and
there were stones around it, and he said to me: Sit here till
I come to you. He went away on the stony ground till I could
not see him. He stayed away from me, and he prolonged his
stay. Then I heard him as he came back and he was saying: Even
if he committed theft and even if he committed fornication.
When he came I could not help asking him: Apostle of Allah,
let Allah make me ransom for you, whom were you speaking on
the stony ground? I heard nobody responding to you. He (the
Holy Prophet) said: It was Gabriel who met me by the side of
the stony ground and said: Give glad tidings to your Ummah
that he who died without associating ought with Allah would go
into Paradise. I said: Gabriel, even if he committed theft and
fornication? He said: Yes. I said: Even it he committed theft
and fornication? He said: Yes, I again said: Even if he
committed theft and fornication? He said: Yes, even if he
drank wine.
Chapter 10: HOARDERS OF WEALTH AND PUNISHMENT TO THEM
Bk 5, Number 2176:
Ahnaf b. Qais reported: I came to Medina and when I was in the
company of the grandees of Quraish a man with a crude body and
an uncouth face wearing coarse clothes came there. He stood up
before them and said: Give glad tidings to those whom who
amass riches of the stones which would be heated in the Fire
of Hell, and would be placed at the tick of the chest till it
would project from the shoulder bone and would he put on the
shoulder bone till it would project from the tick of his
chest, and it (this stone) would continue passing and
repassing (from one side to the other). He (the narrator)
said: Then people hung their heads and I saw none among them
giving any answer. He then returned and I followed him till he
sat near a pillar. I said: I find that these (people) disliked
what you said to them and they do not understand anything. My
friend Abu'l−Qasim (Muhammad) (may peace he upon him) called
me and I responded to him, and he said: Do you see Uhud? I saw
the sun (shining) on me and I thought that he would send me on
an errand for him. So I said: I see it. Upon this he said:
Nothing would delight me more than this that I should have
gold like it (equal to the bulk of Uhud), and I should spend
it all except three dinars. (How sad it is) that they hoard
worldly riches, and they know nothing. I said: What about you
and your brothers Quraish? You do not go to thein for any need
and do not accept anything from them. He said: By Allah, I
neither beg anything from them (from worldly goods), nor do I
ask them anything about religion till I meet my Allah and His
Messenger.
Bk 5, Number 2177:
Ahnaf b. Qais reported: While I was in the company of the
(elites) of Quraiah, Abu Dharr came there and he was saying:
Give glad tidings to the hoarders of riches that their backs
would be branded (so deeply) that (the hot Iron) would come
out of their sides, and when the backs of their necks would be
branded, it would come out of their foreheads. He (Abu Dharr)
then went away and sat down. I asked who he was. They said: He
is Abu Dharr. I went to him and said to him: What is this that
I heard from you which you were saying before? He said: I said
nothing but only that which I heard from their Prophet (may
peace be upon him). I again said: What do you say about this
gift? He said: Take it, for today it is a help. But when it
becomes a price for your religion, then abandon it.
Chapter 11: EXHORTATION TO SPEND AND TIDINGS TO HIM WHO SPENDS
(ON GOOD DEEDS)
Bk 5, Number 2178:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)
as saying that Allah, the Most Blessed and High, said: O son
of Adam, spend. I will spend on you. The right hand of Allah
is full and overflowing and in nothing would diminish it, by
overspending day and night.
Bk 5, Number 2179:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)
as saying that Allah said to him:" Spend, I will bestow upon
you." And the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said:
The right hand of Allah is full and spending (the riches)
liberally during day and night will not diminish (the
resources of Allah). Don't you see what (an enormous amount of
resources) He has spent since He created the heaven and the
earth, and what is in His right hand has not decreased? His
Throne is upon the water. And in His other hand is death, and
He elevates and degrades (whom He likes).
Chapter 12: EXCELLENCE OF SPENDING ON ONE'S FAMILY, AND
SERVANT, AND SIN OF ONE WHO NEGLECTS OR WITHHOLDS THEIR
SUBSISTENCE
Bk 5, Number 2180:
Thauban reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as
saying: The most excellent dinar is one that a person spends
on his family, and the dinar which he spends on his animal in
Allah's path, and the dinar he spends on his companions in
Allah's path. Abu Qilaba (one of the narrators) said: He (the
narrator) started with family, and then Abu Qilaba said: Who
is the person with greater reward than a person who spends on
young members of his family (and thus) preserves (saves them
from want) (and by virtue of which) Allah brings profit for
them and makes them rich.
Bk 5, Number 2181:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)
as saying: Of the dinar you spend as a contribution in Allah's
path, or to set free a slave, or as a sadaqa given to a needy,
or to support your family, the one yielding the greatest
reward is that which you spent on your family.
Bk 5, Number 2182:
Khaithama reported: While we were sitting in the company of
'Abdullah b. 'Umar there came in his steward. He (Ibn 'Umar)
said: Have you supplied the provision to the slaves? He said:
No. Upon this he said: Go and give (the provision) to them,
for the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) has said:
This sin is enough for a man that he withholds the subsistence
from one whose master he is.
Chapter 13: BEGINNING OF SPENDING FOR ONE'S OWN SELF, THEN FOR
ONE'S FAMILY AND THEN FOR RELATIVES
Bk 5, Number 2183:
Jabir reported: A person from the Banu 'Udhra set a slave free
after his death. This news reached the Messenger of Allah (may
peace be upon hhn). Upon this he said: Have you any property
besides it? He said: No. Upon this he said: Who would buy
(this slave) from me? Nulaim b. Abdullah bought it for eight
hundred dirhams and (this amount was) brought to the Messenger
of Allah (may peace be upon him) who returned it to him (the
owner), and then said: Start with your own self and spend it
on yourself, and if anything is left, it should be spent on
your family, and if anything is left (after meeting the needs
of the family) it should be spent on relatives, and if
anything is left from the family, it should be spent like
this, like this. And he was saying: In front of you, on your
right and on your left.
Bk 5, Number 2184:
Jabir reported that a person among the Ansar who was called
Abu Madhkur granted posthumous freedom to his slave who was
called Ya'qub. The rest of the hadith is the same.
Chapter 14: EXCELLENCE OF SPENDING AND GIVING SADAQA TO
RELATIVES, TO WIFE, TO CHILDREN, AND PARENTS EVEN IF THEY ARE
POLYTHEISTS
Bk 5, Number 2185:
Anas b. Malik is reported as saying: Abu Talha was the one
among the Ansar of Medina who possessed the largest property
and among his property he valued most was his garden known as
Bairaha' which was opposite the mosque, and the Messenger of
Allah (may peace be upon him) often visited it and he drank of
its sweet water. When this verse was revealed:" You will never
attain righteousness till you give freely of what you Have"
(iii. 91), Abu Talha got up and, going to Allah's Messenger
(may peace be upon him), said: Allah says in His Book:" You
will never attain righteousness till you give freely of what
you love," and the dearest of my property is Bairaha' so I
give it as Sadaqa to God from Whom I hope for reward for it
and the treasure with Allah; so spend it, Messenger of Allah,
on whatever purpose you deem it proper. The Messenger of Allah
(may peace be upon him) said: Bravo I that is profit earning
property. I have heard what you have said, but I think you
should spend it on your nearest relatives. So Abu Talha
distributed it among the neatest relatives and his cousins on
his father's side.
Bk 5, Number 2186:
Anas reported that when this verse was tevealed:" You will not
attain righteousness till you give freely of what you love,"
Abu Talha said: I see that our Lord has demanded from us out
of our property; so I make you a witness, Messenger of Allah.
that I give my land known as Bairaha' for the sake of Allah.
Upon this the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said:
Give that to your relatives. So he gave it to Hassan b. Thabit
and Ubayy b. Ka'b.
Bk 5, Number 2187:
Maimuna bint Harith reported that she set free a slave−girl
during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah (may peace be
upon him) and she made a mention of that to the Messenger of
Allah (may peace be upon him) and he said: Had you gives her
to your maternal uncles, you would have a greater reward.
Bk 5, Number 2188:
Zainab, the wife of 'Abdullah (b. Mas'ud ), reported that the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: 0 women, give
sadaqa even though it be some of your jewellery. She returned
to 'Abdullah and said: You are a person with empty hands,
whereas the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) has
commanded us to give sadaqa, so better go to him and ask and
if this will suffice for me; otherwise I shall give it to
someone else. 'Abdullah said to me (his wife): You better go
yourself. So I went and there was another woman of the Ansar
at the door of the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him)
having the same porpose as I had. Now Allah's Messenger (may
peace be upon him) was invested with awe (so we did not like
to knock). Then Bilal came out and we said to him: Go to the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) and inform him that
there are two women at the door asking him whether it will
serve them to give sadaqa to their spouses and to orphans who
are under their charge, but do not inform him who we are.
Bilal went to the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him)
and asked him (what these women had instructed him to ask).
The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) asked him who
these women were. He (Bilal) said: They are women from Ansar
and Zainab. Upon this the Messenger of Allah (may peace be
upon him) said: Which of the Zainabs? He said: The wife of
'Abdullah. The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him)
said: There are two rewards for them, the reward of kinship
and the reward of Sadaqa.
Bk 5, Number 2189:
A hadith like this has been narrated on the authority of
Zainab the wife of 'Abdullah, and she said: I was in the
mosque and the Prophet of Allah (may peace be upon him) saw me
and said: Give Sadaqa even though it is out of your jewellery.
The rest of the hadith is the same.
Bk 5, Number 2190:
Umm Salama said: I asked the Messenger of Allah (may peace be
upon him) whether there is a reward for me if I spend oh Abu
Salama's sons, and I am not going to abandon them in this
state (of helplessness) for they are my sons. He (the Holy
Prophet) said: Yes. For you is the reward for what you spend
on them.
Bk 5, Number 2191:
This hadith has been narrated by Ibn 'Urwa with the same chain
of transmitters.
Bk 5, Number 2192:
Abu Mas'ud reported Allah's Messenger (way peace be upon him)
as saying: When a Muslim spends on his family seeking reward
for it from Allah, it counts for him as sadaqa.
Bk 5, Number 2193:
This hadith has been narrated by Shu'ba with the same chain of
transmitters.
Bk 5, Number 2194:
Asma' daughter of Abu Bakr reported: I said: Messenger of
Allah, my mother, who is inclined or scared has come to me.
Should I (even An her position of being opposed to Islam)
treat her well? He said: Yes.
Bk 5, Number 2195:
Asma' bint Abu Bakr reported: My mother who was a polytheist
came to me when he (the Holy Prophet) entered into treaty
with, the Quraish (of Mecca). I inquired from the Messenger of
Allah (may peace be upon him) saying: Messenger of Allah,
there has come to me my mother and she is inclined; should I
(in this state of her mind) show her kindness? He said: Yes,
treat her kindly.
Chapter 15: GETTING OF REWARD FOR SADAQA FOR THE DEAD GIVEN ON
HIS OR HER BEHALF
Bk 5, Number 2196:
'A'isha said that a person came to the Apostle of Allah (may
peace be upon him) and said: My mother died suddenly without
having made any will. I think she would have definitely given
Sadaqa if she had been able to speak. Would she have a reward
if I gave Sadaqa on her behalf? He (the Holy Prophet) said:
Yes. This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Hisham
with the same chain of transmitters. And in the hadith
transmitted by Abu Usama the words are:" She did not make any
will," as it has been reported by Ibn Bishr, but it was not
reported by the rest of the narrators.
Chapter 16: SADAQA INCLUDES ALL TYPES OF GOOD ACTS
Bk 5, Number 2197:
Hudhaifa and Abu Shaiba reported Allah's Messenger (may peace
be upon him) as saying: Every act of goodness is sadaqa.
Bk 5, Number 2198:
Abu Dharr reported: some of the people from among the
Companions of the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him)
said to him: Messenger of Allah, the rich have taken away (air
the) reward. They observe prayer as we do; they keep the fasts
as we keep, and tray give Sadaqa out of their surplus riches.
Upon this he (the Holy Prophet) said: Has Allah not prescribed
for you (a course) by following which you can (also) do
sadaqa? In every declaration of the glorification of Allah (i.
e. saying Subhan Allah) there is a Sadaqa, and every Takbir
(i. e. saying Allah−O−Akbar) is a sadaqa, and every praise of
His (saying al−Hamdu Lillah) is a Sadaqa and every declaration
that He is One (La illha ill−Allah) is a sadaqa, and enjoining
of good is a sadaqa, and forbidding of that which is evil is a
Sadaqa, and in man's sexual Intercourse (with his wife, )
there is a Sadaqa. They (the Companions) said: Messenger of
Allah, is there reward for him who satisfies his sexual
passion among us? He said: Tell me, if he were to devote it to
something forbidden, would it not be a sin on his part?
Similarly, if he were to devote it to something lawful, he
should have a reward.
Bk 5, Number 2199:
'A'isha reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as
saying: Every one of the children of Adam has been created
with three hundred and sixty joints; so he who declares the
Glory of Allah, praises Allah, declares Allah to be One,
Glorifies Allah, and seeks forgiveness from Allah, and removes
stone, or thorn, or bone from people's path, and enjoins what
is good and forbids from evil, to the number of those three
hundred and sixty−four, will walk that day haviing removed
himself from Hell.
Bk 5, Number 2200:
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Zaid with
the same chain of transmitters except with (a slight) change
of words (i. e. he [the Holy Prophet]) said: Or he enjoined
what is good,... and said: He enters the evening [ie. he walks
till eveningl.
Bk 5, Number 2201:
This hadith has been narrated by 'A'isha through anothr chain
of transmitters in which she reported Allah's Messenger (may
peace be ulon him) as saying:" Every man is created" ; the
rest of the hadith is the same and he said:" He walks on that
day."
Bk 5, Number 2202:
Sa'id b. Abu Burda reported on the authority of his
grandfather that the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him)
said: Giving of Sadaqa is essential for every Muslim. It was
said (to him): What do you say of him who does not find (the
means) to do so? He said: Let him work with both his hands,
thus doing benefit to himself and give Sadaqa. It was said to
him: What about him who does not have (the means) to do so? He
said: Then let him assist the needy, the aggrieved. It was
said: What do you say of one who cannot even do this? He said:
Then he should enjoin what is reputable or what is good. He
said: What about him if he cannot do that? He (the Holy
Prophet) said: He should then abstain from evil, for verify
that is Sadaqa on his behalf.
Bk 5, Number 2203:
This hadith has been narrated by Shu'ba with the same chain of
transmitters.
Bk 5, Number 2204:
Hammam b. Munabbih reported that−this is out of (those
ahadith) which Abu Huraira narrated to us from Muhammad, the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him). And he while
making a mention of ahadith reported from Allah's Messenger
(may peace be upon him) said this: Sadaqa is due on every
joint of a person, every day the sun rises. Administering of
justice between two men is also a Sadaqa. And assisting a man
to ride upon his beast, or helping him load his luggage upon
it, is a Sadaqa; and a good word is a Sadaqa; and every step
that you take towards prayer is a Sadaqa, and removing of
harmful things from the pathway is a Sadaqa.
Chapter 17: CONCERNING ONE WHO SPENDS AND WHO WITHHOLDS
Bk 5, Number 2205:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)
as saying: There is never a day wherein servants (of God) get
up at morn, but are not visited by two angels. One of them
says: 0 Allah, give him more who spends (for the sake of
Allah), and the other says: 0 Allah, bring destruction to one
who withholds.
Bk 5, Number 2206:
Haritha b. Wahb reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon
him) as saying: Give Sadaqa for a time is about to come when a
person would walk with alms and the one whom it is to be given
would say: Had you brought it yesterday, I would have accepted
it. For the present I do not need it. (And the giver of
Sadaqa) I would not find anyone to accept it.
Bk 5, Number 2207:
Abu Musa reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as
saying: There would come a time for the people when a person
would roam about with Sadaqa of gold, but he would find no one
to accept it from him. And a man would be seen followed by
forty women seeking refuge with him on account of the scarcity
of males and abundance of females."
Bk 5, Number 2208:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (way peace be upon him)
as saying: The Last Hour will not come before wealth becomes
abundant and overflowing, so much so that a man takes Zakat
out of his property and cannot find anyone to accept it from
him and till the land of Arabia becomes meadows and rivers.
Bk 5, Number 2209:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)
as saying: The Last Hour will not come till wealth is abundant
and overflowing, so much so that the owner of the property
will think as to who will accept Sadaqa from him, and a person
would be called to accept Sadaqa and he would say: I do not
need it.
Bk 5, Number 2210:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenaer (may peace be upon him)
as saying: The earth will vomit long pieces of its liver like
columns of gold and silver, and the murderer will come and
say: It was for this that I committed murder. The breaker of
family ties will come and say: It was for this that I broke
the family ties; and the thief will come and say: It is for
this that my hands were cut off. They will then leave it and
will not take anything out of it.
Chapter 18: ACCEPTANCE OF SADAQA BY HONEST WORK AND ITS GROWTH
Bk 5, Number 2211:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (tray peace be upon
him) as saying: If anyone gives as Sadaqa the equivalent of a
date from that (earning) earned honestly, for Allah accepts
that which is lawful, the Lord would accept it with His Right
Hand, and even if it is a date, it would foster in the Hand of
the lord, as one of you fosters his colt, till it becomes
bigger than a mountain.
Bk 5, Number 2212:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)
as saying: No one gives Sadaqa of a date out of his honest
earning, but Allah accepts it with His Right Hand, and then
fosters it as one of you fosters the colt or a young
she−camel, till it becomes like a mountain or even greater.
Bk 5, Number 2213:
This hadith has been narrated through another chain of
transmitters with a change of words. In the hadith transmitted
Rauh (the words are):" Out of the honest earning and its
spending at what is its (due) right" ; and in the hadith
transmitted by Sulaiman (the words are):" And its spending at
its proper place."
Bk 5, Number 2214:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)
as saying: 0 people, Allah is Good and He therefore, accepts
only that which is good. And Allah commanded the believers as
He commanded the Messengers by saying:" O Messengers, eat of
the good things, and do good deeds; verily I am aware of what
you do" (xxiii. 51). And He said: ' 0 those who believe, eat
of the good things that We gave you" (ii. 172) He then made a
mention of a person who travels widely, his hair dishevelled
and covered with dust. He lifts his hand towards the sky (and
thus makes the supplication):" O Lord,0 Lord," whereas his
diet is unlawful, his drink is unlawful, and his clothes are
unlawful and his nourishment is unlawful. How can then his
supplication be accepted?
Chapter 19: EXHORTATION TO SADAQA EVEN THOUGH IT IS HALF A
DATE, OR A GOOD WORD, FOR THEY ARE PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE
Bk 5, Number 2215:
'Adi b. Hatim reported that he heard Allah's Messenger (way
peace be upon him) as saying: He who among you can protect
himself against Fire, he should do so, even if it should be
with half a date.
Bk 5, Number 2216:
'Adi b. Hatim reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon
him) as saying: Allah will speak with everyone amongst you
without any interpreter between them. He (the man) would see
towards his right and would not find anything but (the deeds)
which he had done before, and he would see towards the left
and would not find anything but (the deeds) which he had done
before. He would see in front of him and would find nothing
but Fire just before his face. So protect (yourselves) against
Fire even if it is with the help of half a date. A hadith like
this has been transmitted by Khaithama and addition has been
made in this of (these words) ;" Even if it is with a good
word."
Bk 5, Number 2217:
'Adi b. Hatim reported that the Messenger of Allah (may peace
be upon him) made a mention of Fire. He turned his face aside
and diverted his attention and then said: Guard (yourselves)
against Fire. He turned his face and diverted his attention
till we thought as if he were (actually seeing it and then
said: Protect yourselves against Fire even if it is with half
a date, and he who does not find it, (he should do so) with
pleasant words. Abu Kuraib did not mention the word: (as if).
Bk 5, Number 2218:
Adi b. Hatim reported that the Messenger of Allah (may peace
be upon him) made a mention of the Fire and sought refuge
(with Allah against it). He turned aside his face three times
and then said: Protect yourselves against Fire even if with
half a date. But if you fail to find it (then protect
yourselves against Fire) with the help of a pleasant word).
Bk 5, Number 2219:
Mundhir b. Jarir reported on the authority of his father:
While we were in the company of the Messenger of Allah (may
peace be upon him) in the early hours of the morning, some
people came there (who) were barefooted, naked, wearing
striped woollen clothes, or cloaks, with their swords hung
(around their necks). Most of them, nay, all of them, belonged
to the tribe of Mudar. The colour of the face of the Messenger
of Allah (may peace be upon him) underwent a change when he
saw them in poverty. He then entered (his house) and came out
and commanded Bilal (to pronounce Adhan). He pronounced Adhan
and Iqima, and he (the Holy Prophet) observed prayer (along
with his Companion) and then addressed (them reciting verses
of the Holy Qur'an): '" 0 people, fear your Lord, Who created
you from a single being" to the end of the verse," Allah is
ever a Watcher over you" (iv. 1). (He then recited) a verse of
Sura Hashr:" Fear Allah. and let every soul consider that
which it sends forth for the morrow and fear Allah" (lix. 18).
(Then the audience began to vie with one another in giving
charity.) Some donated a dinar, others a dirham, still others
clothes, some donated a sa' of wheat, some a sa' of dates;
till he (the Holy Prophet) said: (Bring) even if it is half a
date. Then a person from among the Ansar came there with a
money bag which his hands could scarcely lift; in fact, they
could not (lift). Then the people followed continuously, till
I saw two heaps of eatables and clothes, and I saw the face of
the Messenger (may peace be upon him) glistening, like gold
(on account of joy). The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon
him) said: He who sets a good precedent in Islam, there is a
reward for him for this (act of goodness) and reward of that
also who acted according to it subsequently, without any
deduction from their rewards; and he who sets in Islam an evil
precedent, there is upon him the burden of that, and the
burden of him also who acted upon it subsequently, without any
deduction from their burden.
Bk 5, Number 2220:
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Mandhir
through another chain of transmitters. And the hadith
transmitted by Ibn Mu'adh contains an addition:" He then
observed the noon prayer and then gave the sermon."
Bk 5, Number 2221:
Mundhir b. Jarir narrated on the authority of his father: When
we were sitting in the company of the Apostle of Allah (may
peace be upon him). There came people dressed in striped
woollen clothes, and the rest of the hadith in the same, and
there (it is also mentioned):" He observed the Zuhr prayer and
then climbed up a small pulpit, praised Allah, lauded Him, and
then said: Verily Allah in His Book has revealed: 'O people,
fear your Lord, ' etc." (iv. 1).
Bk 5, Number 2222:
Jarir b. 'Abdullah reported: People came to to the Messenger
of Allah (may peace be upon him) and they ware dressed in
woollen clothes. He (the Holy Prophet) saw their dismal state,
as they were suffering from want and the rest of the hadith is
the same.
Chapter 20: THE LABOURER SHOULD GIVE CHARITY OUT OF HIS WAGES
AND IT IS SEVERELY FORBIDDEN TO BELITTLE ONE WHO CONTRIBUTES
LESS
Bk 5, Number 2223:
Abu Mas'ud reported: We were commanded to give charity
(despite the fact.) that we were coolies. Abu 'Aqil donated
half a sa'. And there came another man with more than this.
The hypocrites said: Verily Allah does not stand in need of
the charity of this, and the second one has done nothing but
only made a show (of his charity). Then this verse was
revealed." Those who scoff at the voluntary givers of charity
among the believers as well as those who cannot find anything
(to give) but with their hard labour" (ix. 80). And Bishr did
not utter the word Muttawwi'in.
Bk 5, Number 2224:
This hadith has been narrated by Shu'ba with the same chain of
transmitters and in the hadith transmitted by Sa'id b. al Rabi
(the words are):" We used to carry loads on our backs."
Chapter 21: EXCELLENCE OF GIVING A GIFT
Bk 5, Number 2225:
It is narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira (that the
Messenger of Allah) said: Of course the person who gives to
the family a she−camel as a gift, which gives milk morning and
evening equal to a large bowl, its reward (the reward of the
gift) is great.
Bk 5, Number 2226:
Abu Huraira reported that the Apostle of Allah (may peace be
upon him) forbade (to do certain things) and then he made a
mention of certain habits and said: He who gives a she−camel
as a gift, for him is the reward (of the gift) both morn− ing
and evening−a reward for drinking milk in the morning and a
reward for drinking milk in the evening.
Chapter 22: THE LIKENESS OF ONE WHO SPENDS (IN THE PATH OF
ALLAH) AND ONE WHO WITHHOLDS
Bk 5, Number 2227:
Abu Haraira reported that the likeness of one who spends or
one who gives charity is that of a person who has two cloaks
or two coats−of−mail over him right from the breast to the
collar bones. And when the spender (and the other narrator
said, when the giver of charity) makes up his mind to give
charity, it (coat−mail) becomes expanded for him. But when a
miserly person intends to spend, it contracts and every ring
grips the place where it is. For the giver of charity, this
coat−of. mail expands to cover his whole body and obliterates
even his footprints. Abu Huraira said: (The miserly man) tries
to expand it (the coat−of−mail) but it does not expand.
Bk 5, Number 2228:
Abu Haraira reported that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be
upon him) gave similitudes of a miserly man and the giver of
charity as two persons who have two coats−of−mail over them
with their hands pressed closely to their breasts and their
collar bones. Whenever the giver of charity gives charity it
(the coat−of mail) expands so much as to cover his finger tips
and obliterate his foot prints. And whenever the miserly
person intends to give charity (the coat−of−mail) contracts
and every ring grips the place where it is. He (Abu Huraira)
said: I saw the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him)
saying with fingers in the opening of his shirt:" If you had
seen him trying to expand it, it will not expand."
Bk 5, Number 2229:
Abu Haraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)
as−saying:. The similitude of a miserly man and the giver of
charity is that of two persons with coatsof mail over them;
when the giver of charity intends to give charity, it expands
over him (to much so) that the footprints are also
obliterated. And when the miserly man intends to give charity,
it contracts over him, and his hands are tied up to his collar
bone, and every ring is fixed up to another. He (the narrator)
said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him)
as saying: He would try to expand it. but he would not be able
to do so.
Chapter 23: PROOF OF REWARD FOR THE GIVER OF CHARITY EVEN IF
IT GOES INTO THE HANDS OF AN UNDESERVING PERSON
Bk 5, Number 2230:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him)
as saying: A man expressed his intention to give charity, so
he came out with charity and placed it in the hand of an
adulteress. In the morning, the people were talking and
saying: charity was given to an adulteress last night. He (the
giver of Sadaqa) said: 0 Allah, to Thee be the praise−to an
adulteress. He then again expressed his intention to give
charity; so he went out with the charity and placed it in the
hand of a rich person. In the morning the people were talking
and saying: Charity was given to a rich person. He (the giver
of charity) said: 0 Allah, to Thee be the praise−to a
well−to−do person. He then expressed his intention to give
charity, so he went out with charity and placed it in the hand
of a thief. In the morning, the people were talking and
saying: Charity was given to a thief. So (one of the persons)
said: 0 Allah, to Thee be the praise (what a misfortune it is
that charity has been given to) the adulteress, to a rich
person. to a thief! There came (the angel to him) and he was
told: Your charity has been accepted. As for the adulteress
(the charity might become the means) whereby she might
restrain herself from fornication. The rich man might perhaps
learn a lesson and spend from what Allah has given him, and
the thief might thereby refrain from committing theft.
Chapter 24: THE REWARD FOR AN HONEST TRUSTEE AND FOR THE WOMAN
AS SHE GIVES CHARITY FROM THE HOUSEHOLD OF HER HUSBAND EITHER
WITH HIS EXPLICIT SANCTION OR AS IT IS CUSTOMARY
Bk 5, Number 2231:
Abu Musa reported Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) as
saying: The honest Muslim trustee who spends (sometimes he
said" who gives" ) what he is commanded to do and he gives
that in full with his heart overflowing with cheerfulness and
he gives it to one to whom he is ordered, he is one of the
givers of charity.
Bk 5, Number 2232:
'A'isha reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as
saying: When a woman gives in charity some of the food in her
house, without causing any damage, there is reward for her for
whatever she has given, and a reward for her husband for what
he earned. The same applies to the trustee. In no respect does
the one diminish the reward of the other.
Bk 5, Number 2233:
This hadith has been narrated by Mansur with the same chain of
transmitters (with this alteration of words):" from the food
of her husband".
Bk 5, Number 2234:
'A'isha reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as
saying: When a woman spends (something as Sadaqa) out of the
household of her husband without causing any damage, there is
a reward for her and for him too like it for whatever he
earned, and for her (for the wife) because of her spending
(for the sake of Allah), and for the trustee also (there is a
reward like it), without any reduction from their rewards.
Bk 5, Number 2235:
This hadith has been narratedby A'mash with the same chain of
transmitters.
Bk 5, Number 2236:
Umair, the freed slave of Abi'l−Lahm reported: 1 was the slave
(of Abi'l−Lahm). I asked the Messenger of Allah (may peace be
upon him) if I could give some charity out of my master's
wealth. He said: Yes, and the reward is half and half between
you two.
Bk 5, Number 2237:
'Umair, the freed slave of Abi'l−Lahm, said: My master
commanded me to cut some meat in strips; (as I was doing it) a
poor man came to me and I gave him some of it to eat. My
master came to know of that, and he beat me. I came to the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) and narrated it to
him. He (the Holy Prophet) summoned him and said: Why did you
beat him? He (Abi'l−Lahm) said: He gives away my food without
being commanded to do so. Upon this he (the Holy Prophet)
sbid: The reward would be shared by you two.
Bk 5, Number 2238:
Hammam b. Munabbih said: These are some of the a hadith of
Muhammad. the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him),
transmitted to us on the authority of Abu Huraira. So he
narrated one hadith out of them (as this): The Messenger of
Allah (may peace be upon him) said: No woman should observe
fast when her spouse is present (in the house) but with his
permission. And she should not admit any (mahram) in his
house, while he (her husband) is present, but with his
permission. And whatever she spends from his earnings without
his sanction, for him is half the reward.
Chapter 25: CONCERNING THE COLLECTION OF SADAQA AND DOING OF
GOOD DEEDS
Bk 5, Number 2239:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)
assaying: If anyone contributes a pair of anything for the
sake of Allah, he would be invited to enter Paradise (with
these words): O servant of Allah. it is good (for you). These
who engage in prayer will he invited to enter by the gate of
prayer; those who take part in Jihad will be Invited to enter
by the gate of Jihad; those wto give charity will be invited
to enter by the gate of charity; and those who observe fast
will be invited to enter by the gate ar−Rayyan. Abu Bakr
Siddiq said: Messenger of Allah, is it necessary that a person
be invited through one of these gates? Will anyone he invited
to enter by all those gates? The Messenger of Allah (way peace
be upon him) said: Yes, and I hope you will be one of them.
Bk 5, Number 2240:
This hadith has been narrated by Zuhri through another chain
of transmitters.
Bk 5, Number 2241:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)
as saying: He who spent pairs for the sake of Allah, the
guardians of Paradise would call him, (in fact) every guardian
of the door (of Paradise would welcome him saying): O, so and
so, come on. Upon this Abu Bakr said: Messenger of Allah, (it
means) there would be no distress on this person. The
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said. I hope you
would be among them.
Bk 5, Number 2242:
Abu Huraira reported that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be
upon him) said: Who has observed fast among you today? Abu
Bakr (Allah be pleased with him) replied: It is I. He (the
Holy Prophet again) said: Who among you follow. ed the bier
today? Abu Bakr (Allah be pleased with him) replied: It is I.
He (the Holy Prophet again) said: Who among you led a poor man
today? Abu Bakr (Allah he pleased with him) replied: It is I.
He (again) said: Who among you visited an invalid today? Abu
Bakr (Allah be pleased with him) said: It is I. Upon this the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: Anyone in
whom (these good deeds) are combined will certainly, enter
paradise.
Chapter 26: EXHORTATION TO SPEND (FOR THE SAKE OF ALLAH) AND
DISAPPROVAL OF CALCULATING (THE ARTICLES OF CHARITY)
Bk 5, Number 2243:
Asma', daughter of Abu Bakr (Allah be pleated with him),
reported: The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said
to me: Spend, and do not calculate, or otherwise Allah would
also calculate in your case.
Bk 5, Number 2244:
Asma' reported Allah's Messenger (way peace be upon him) as
saying (to her): Spend and do not calculate, (for) Allah would
calculate in your case; and do not hoard, otherwise Allah
would be withholding from you.
Bk 5, Number 2245:
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Asma'
through another chain of transmitters.
Bk 5, Number 2246:
Asma', daughter of Abu Bakr, reported that abe came to the
Apostle of Allah (may peace he upon him) and said: Apostle of
Allah, I have nothing with me, but only, that which is given
to me by Zubair (for household expenses). Is there any sin for
me if I spend out of that which is given to me (by Zabair)?
Upon this he (the Holy Prophet) said: Spend according to your
means; and do not hoard, for Allah will withhold from you.
Chapter 27: EXHORTATION TO GIVE CHARITY EVEN THOUGH IT IS
SMALL (THE ONE WHO GIVES) SMALL AMOUNT SHOULD NEITHER BE
DISCOURAGED NOR LOOKED DOWN UPON
Bk 5, Number 2247:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)
as saying: 0 Muslim women, none of you should consider even a
sheep's trotter too insignificant to give to her neighbour.
Chapter 28: EXCELLENCE OF GIVING SADAQA SECRETLY
Bk 5, Number 2248:
Abu Huraira reported that the Apostle of Allah (may peace be
upon him) had said: Seven are (the persons) whom Allah would
give protection with His Shade on the Day when there would be
no shade but that of Him (i. e. on the Day of Judgment, and
they are): a just ruler, a youth who grew up with the worship
of Allah; a person whose heart is attached to the mosques; two
persons who love and meet each other and depart from each
other for the sake of Allah; a man whom a beautiful woman of
high rank seduces (for illicit relation), but he (rejects this
offer by saying):" I fear Allah" ; a person who gives charity
and conceals it (to such an extent) that the right hand does
not know what the left has given: and a person who remembered
Allah in privacy and his eyes shed tears.
Bk 5, Number 2249:
This hadith has been narrated, on the authority, of Abu
Huraira (with this change of words)." A person whose heart is
attached to the mosque when he goes out of it till he returns
to it."
Chapter 29: THE MOST EXCELI, ENT SADAQA IS THAT WHICH IS GIVEN
WHEN ONE IS HEALTHY AND CLOSE−FISTED
Bk 5, Number 2250:
Abu Huraira reported that there came a person to the Messenger
of Allah (may peace be upon him) and said: Messenger of Allah,
which charity is the best? Upon this he said: That you should
give charity (in a state when you are) healthy and
close−fisted, one haunted by the fear of poverty, hoping to
become rich (charity in such a state of health and mind is the
best). And you must not defer (charity to such a length) that
you are about to die and would he saying: This is for so and
so, and this is for so and so. Lo, it has already come into
(the possession of so and so).
Bk 5, Number 2251:
Abu Huraira reported that a person came to the Apostle of
Allah (may peace be upon him) and said: Messenger of Allah,
which charity is the greatest in reward? (The Holy Prophet
said): By your father, beware, you should give charity (in a
state when you are) healthy and close−fisted, haunted by the
fear of poverty, and still hoping to live (as rich). And you
must not defer charity (to the time) when you are about to
die, and would then say:" This is for so and so, and this for
so and so." It has already become the possession of so and so.
Bk 5, Number 2252:
This hadith has been narrated with the same chain of
transmitters except with this change (of words):" Which
charity is most excellent?"
Chapter 30: CONCERNING THE STATEMENT THAT THE UPPER HAND IS
BETTER THAN, THE LOWER HAND, AND THE UPPER HAND IS THAT WHICH
GIVES AND THE LOWER ONE IS THAT WHICH RECEIVES
Bk 5, Number 2253:
Abdullah b. Umar reported that as Allah's Messenger (may peace
be upon him) was sitting on the pulpit and talking about
Sadaqa and abstention from begging, he said: The upper hand is
better than the lower one, the upper being the one which
bestows and the lower one which begs.
Bk 5, Number 2254:
Hakim b. Hizam reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon
him) having said this: The most excellent Sadaqa or the best
of Sadaqa is that after giving which the (giver) remains rich
and the upper hand is better than the lower hand, and begin
from the members of your household.
Bk 5, Number 2255:
Hakim b. Hizam reported: I begged the Apostle of Allah (may
peace be upon him), and he gave me. I again begged, he again
gave me. I again begged, he again gave me, and then said: This
property is green and sweet; he who receives it with a
cheerful heart is blessed in it, and he who receives it with
an avaricious mind would not be blessed in it, he being like
one who eats without being satished, and the upper hand is
better thad the lower hand.
Bk 5, Number 2256:
Abu Umama reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)
as saying: 0 son of Adam, it is better for you if you spend
your surplus (wealth), but if you withhold it, it is evil for
you. There is (however) no reproach for you (if you withhold
means necessary) for a living. And begin (charity) with your
dependants; and the upper hand is better than the lower hand.
