Government (kitab Al-Imara)

Bk 20 Government (Kitab Al−Imara)
INTRODUCTION
Islam is a social religion, not in the sense that it is
through society alone that religion breathes its sacred spirit
in the individuals, but in the sense that it aims at
inculcating God−consciousness both in individual and society.
Jesus said: The Kingdom of Heaven is within you. Islam fully
subscribes to this view, since no just kingdom can be founded
on earth by unjust men, who have not first created the Kingdom
of Heaven in their hearts, but Islam goes a step forward and
says that the creation of the Kingdom of Heaven within heart
is not enough; this Kingdom of Heaven within must be
externalised into a Kingdom of Heaven on earth, so that the
organised life of man may be built up on the basis of love,
fraternity and justice. It thus becomes clear that the Islamic
State is not an end in itself, but a means to an end, the end
being the development of a community of people who stand up
for equity and justice, for right against wrong or, to phrase
it differently, for the creation of such conditions as would
enable the greatest possible number of human beings to live
spiritually, morally and physically in accordance with the
teachings of Islam. Thus the founding of an Islamic State is
not a sort of" worldly activity," something undesirable, as
some people wrongly suppose, but the sine qua non of social
justice, as demanded by Islam." The state," says Dr lqbal,"
from the Islamic standpoint, is an endeavour to transform
these ideal principles into space−time forces, an aspiration
to realize them in a definite human organization. It is in
this sense alone that state in Islam is a theocracy, not in
the sense that it is headed by a representative of God on
earth who can always screen his despotic will behind his
supposed infallibility. As this State is meant to enforce the
law of the Shari'ah within its territorial jurisdiction, it is
duty bound to make itself an efficient organ for transforming
the high ideals of Islam into reality. The Qur'an, while
enumerating the main functions of the Islamic State, says:"
Those who, if We establish them in the land, observe worship,
and pay the poor−due and enjoin good and forbid evil" (xxii.
41). This shows that the function of an Islamic State is not
only to defend its citizens from external attack and internal
disorder, but also to enable individual man and woman to
realise the tenets of Islam and their beliefs. in the
socioeconomic concerts of their practical life. So far as the
nature of the Islamic State is concerned, it is theocracy with
regard to God in the sense that the de jure sovereignty
belongs to Allah Whose de facto sovereignty is inherent and
manifest in the working of the entire universe and Who enjoys
exclusively the sovereign prerogative over all the creation.
The Holy Qur'an has stressed this point in so many verses: "
The Command is for none but for Allah: He has commanded that
ye obey none but Him: that is the right path" (xii. 40). "
Follow the revelation sent unto you from your Lord, and do not
follow the (so−called) guardians other than Him" (vii. 3). "
And those who do not make their decisions in accordance with
that revealed by Allah are (in fact) the deniers of Truth" (v.
44). It thus becomes quite clear that a State established on
the basis of God's sovereignty cannot enforce any law in
contravention of the Qur'an and the Sunnah even if all the
citizens make a demand for it. An Islamic State is, therefore,
theocratic in one aspect as it is run according to God−given
laws, but it is altogether a differmt theocracy of which
Europe has had the bitter experience and in which, a priestly
clan is sharply marked off from the rest of the population and
exercises an unchecked domination and enforces laws of its own
making in the name of God, and thus imposes its own godhood
upon the common people. The priest puts himself as a mediator
between the masses and the unseen God. Such a system is quite
un−Islamic. The theocracy built by Islam is not ruled by a
particular religious class, but by the whole community of
Muslims including the rank and file. as Allah has not
appointed a particular individual, group, race or class as the
representative of the Real Sovereign upon the earth, but the
whole community. The Qur'an says:" Allah has promised to those
among you who believe and do righteous deeds that He will
assuredly make them to succeed (the present) rulers and grant
them vicegerency in the land just as He made those before them
to succeed (others)" (ixiv. 55). This verse makes it clear
that all believers have been conferred upon the Caliphate and
not a special class or dynasty. Moreover, the Caliphate
granted by Allah to the faithful is the popular vicegerency
and not a limited one and thus it is run with the consent of
the people. The concepts of the Divine Right of Kingship and
the infallibility of clergy are alien to the spirit of Islam.
Every Muslim stands on equal level with the other Muslim as
the vicegerent of the Lord upon the earth. None of them,
therefore, enjoys any preference to the other by virtue of
high birth or belonging to a special religious group. History
is teplete with instances of Caliphs being brought to the
court and publicly criticised by ordinary men and women. Even
a lowliest villager could dare tell the Commander of the
Faithful that he would set him straight like a spindle if he
deviates an inch from the poth of righteousness. This shows
that the rulers and the officials in the Islamic State are
answerable both to God and man for their actions, and the
people have every right to criticise. not only their public
behaviour, but even their private activities. In the context
of such heavy responsibilities the heading of the Islamic
State or assumption of any other important portfolio in its
set−up is a very difficult job so much so that that Holy
Prophet (may peace be upon him) compared it to the
slaughtering of one with a blunt knife. No person, therefore.
who is conscious of the responsibilities of the job, covets to
assume that; he rather shirks it and accepts it only when he
is compelled to do so. The Holy Prophet (may peace be upon
him) declared that person to be quite unfit for office in an
Islamic State who is covetous of it, as he is either ignorant
of its grave responsibilities or desires to take undue
advantage of his official power. We enumerate below some of
the important rights and duties of an Islamic State. As for
the rights, the Islamic State can claim full loyalty from all
its citizen wholehearted cooperation in all sectors of life
and complete obedience to the law of the land and the commands
of the rulers so long as they are in comformity with the Laws
of the Shari'ah. But where the rulers transgress the limits of
the citizens have the right, not only to withdraw
co−operation, but also to check the rulers from acting against
the Commands of Aliah and His Apostle (may peace be upon him).
The citizens are also required to pay taxes due to the State
quite willingly and not to misappropriate its funds, and to
participate in Jihad in any capacity for which they are deemed
fit by the authorities of the Islamic State. So far as the
duties of the Islamic State are concerned, the first and
foremost duty is to protect the life, property and honour of
every citizen, irrespective of his caste, creed, colour,
religion or social status. Moreover, it is also the duty of
the Islamic State to protect the freedom and individual
liberty of every citizen so long as there is no valid reason
to curtail it. It cannot be done as an arbitrary act. The
State is authorised to lay hands upon it through due process
of law. Again, freedom of expression is one of the fundamental
rights of the citizen which an Islamic State must respect.
Then, it is also the duty of the Islamic State to see that no
citizen remains unprovided for in respect of the basic
necessities of life, viz, food, othing, shelter, medical aid
and education, for the Holy Prophet (may peace be upon him)
said:" The government is the guardian of those who have no
guardian." Moreover, the State is bound to create such
conditions in which the good reigns supreme in the society and
evil is suppressed and exterminated, and its citizens learn to
live as good Muslims.
Chapter 1: THE PEOPLE ARE SUBSERVIENT TO THE QURAISH AND THE
CALIPHATE IS THE RIGHT OF THE QURAISH
Bk 20, Number 4473:
It has been narrarted on the authority of Abu Huraira that the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: People are
subservient to the Quraish: the Muslims among them being
subservient to the Muslims among them, and the disbelievers
among the people being subservient to the disbelievers among
them.
Bk 20, Number 4474:
It has been narrated on the authority of Hammam b. Munabbih
who said: This is one of the traditions narrated by Abu
Huraira from the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him)
who said: People are subservient to the Quraish: the Muslims
among them being subservient to the Muslims among them, and
the disbelievers among them being subservient to the
disbelievers among them.
Bk 20, Number 4475:
It has been narrated on the authority of Jabir b. 'Abdullah
that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said:
People are the followers of Quraish in good as well as evil
(i. e. in the customs of Islamic as well as pre−Islamic
times).
Bk 20, Number 4476:
It has been narrated on the authority of 'Abdullah that the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: The Caliphate
will remain among the Quraish even if only two persons are
left (on the earth),
Bk 20, Number 4477:
It has been narrated on the authority of Jabir b. Samura who
said: I joined the company of the Holy Prophet (may peace be
upon him) with my father and I heard him say: This Caliphate
will not end until there have been twelve Caliphs among them.
The narrator said: Then he (the Holy Prophet) said something
that I could not follow. I said to my father: What did he say?
He said: He has said: All of them will be from the Quraish.
Bk 20, Number 4478:
It has been reported on the authority of Jabir b. Samura who
said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him)
say: The affairs of the people will continue to be conducted
(well) as long as they are governed by twelve men. Then the
Holy Prophet (may peace be upon him) said words which were
obscure to me. I asked my father: What did the Messenger of
Allah (may peace be upon him) say? He said: All of the (twelve
men) will be from the Quraish.
Bk 20, Number 4479:
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Jabir b.
Samura through another chain of transmitters.
Bk 20, Number 4480:
It has been narrated on the authority of Jabir b. Samura who
said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him)
say: Islam will continue to be triumphant until there have
been twelve Caliphs. Then the Holy Prophet (may peace be upon
him) said something which I could not understand. I asked my
father: What did he say? He said: He has said that all of them
(twelve Caliphs) will be from the Quraish.
Bk 20, Number 4481:
It has been narrated on the authority of Jabir b. Samura that
the Holy Prophet (may peace be upon him) said: This order will
continue to be dominant until there have been twelve Caliphs.
The narrator says: Then he said something which I could not
understand, and I said to my father: What did he say? My
father told me that he said that all of them (Caliphs) would
be from the Quraish.
Bk 20, Number 4482:
It has been reported on the authority of Jabir b. Samura who
said: I went with my father to the Messenger of Allah (may
peeace be upon him) and I heard him say: This religion would
continue to remain powerful and dominant until there have been
twelve Caliphs. Then he added something which I couldn't catch
on account of the noise of the people. I asked my father: What
did he say? My father said: He has said that all of them will
be from the Quraish.
Bk 20, Number 4483:
It has been narrated on the authority of Amir b. Sa'd b. Abu
Waqqas who said: I wrote (a letter) to Jabir b. Samura and
sent it to him through my servant Nafi', asking him to inform
me of something he had heard from the Messenger of Allah (may
peace be upon him). He wrote to me (in reply): I heard the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) say on Friday
evening, the day on which al−Aslami was stoned to death (for
committing adultery): The Islamic religion will continue until
the Hour has been established, or you have been ruled over by
twelve Caliphs, all of them being from the Quraish. also heard
him say: A small force of the Muslims will capture the white
palace, the police of the Persian Emperor or his descendants.
I also heard him say: Before the Day of Judgment there will
appear (a number of) impostors. You are to guard against them.
I also heard him say: When God grants wealth to any one of
you, he should first spend it on himself and his family (and
then give it in charity to the poor). I heard him (also) say:
I will be your forerunner at the Cistern (expecting your
arrival).
Bk 20, Number 4484:
Ibn Samura al−'Adawi reported: I heard Allah's Messenger (may
peace be upon him) say, and he then narrated (the
above−mentioned hadith).
Chapter 2: APPOINTING ANYONE AS A SUCCEEDING CALIPH OR LEAVING
ASIDE THE QUESTION OF APPOINTMENT
Bk 20, Number 4485:
It has been narrated on the authority of 'Abdullah b. 'Umar
who said: I was present with my father when he was wounded.
People praised him and said: May God give you a noble
recompense! He said: I am hopeful (of God's mercy) as well as
afraid (of His wrath) People said: Appoint anyone as your
successor. He said: Should I carry the burden of conducting
your affairs in my life as well as in my death? (So far as
Caliphate is concerned) I wish I could acquit myself (before
the Almighty) in a way that there is neither anything to my
credit nor anything to my discredit. If I would appoint my
successor, (I would because) one better than me did so. (He
meant Abu Bakr.) If I would leave You alone, (I would do so
because) one better than me, i. e. the Messenger of Allah (may
peace be upon him), did so. 'Abdullah says: When he mentioned
the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) I understood
that he would not appoint anyone as Caliph.
Bk 20, Number 4486:
It has been reported on the authority of Ibn 'Umar who said: I
entered the apartment of (my sister) Hafsa. She said: Do yoa
know that your father is not going to nominate his successor?
I said: He won't do that (i. e. he would nominate). She said:
He is going to do that. The narrator said: I took an oath that
I will talk to him about the matter. I kept quiet until the
next morning, still I did not talk to him, and I felt as if I
were carryint, a mountain on my right hand. At last I came to
him and entered his apartment. (Seeing me) he began to ask me
about the condition of the people, and I informed him (about
them). Then I said to him: I heard something from the people
and took an oath that I will communicate it to you. They
presume that you are not going to nominate a successor. If a
grazer of camels and sheep that you had appointed comes back
to you leaving the cattle, you will (certainly) think that the
cattle are lost. To look after the people is more serious and
grave. (The dying Caliph) was moved at my words. He bent his
head in a thoughtful mood for some time and raised it to me
and said: God will doubtlessly protect His religion. If I do
not nominate a successor (I have a precedent before me), for
the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) did not
nominate his successor. And if I nominate one (I have a
precedent), for Abu Bakr did nominate. The narrator (Ibn Umar)
said: By God. when he mentioned the Messenger of Allah (may
peace be upon him) and Abu Bakr, I (at once) understood that
he would not place anyone at a par with the Messenger of Allah
(may peace be upon him) and would not nominate anyone.
Chapter 3: PROHIBITION OF A DESIRE FOR A POSITION OF AUTHORITY
AND COVETOUSNESS THEREOF
Bk 20, Number 4487:
It has been reported on the authority of 'Abd al−Rahman b.
Samura who said: The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon
him) said to me: 'Abd al−Rahman, do not ask for a position of
authority, for if you are granted this position as a result of
your asking for it, you will be left alone (without God's help
to discharge the responsibilities attendant thereon), and it
you are granted it without making any request for it, you will
be helped (by God in the discharge of your duties).
Bk 20, Number 4488:
The same tradition has been narrated through a different chain
of transmitters.
Bk 20, Number 4489:
It has been narrated by Abu Musa who said: Two of my cousins
and I entered the apartment of the Holy Prophet (may peace be
upon him). One of them said: Messenger of Allah, appoint us
rulers of some lands that the Almighty and Glorious God has
entrusted to thy care. The other also said something similar.
He said: We do not appoint to this position one who asks for
it nor anyone who is covetous for the same.
Bk 20, Number 4490:
It has been reported on the authority of Abu Musa who said: I
went to the Holy Prophet (may peace be upon him) and with me
were two men from the Ash'ari tribe. One of them was on my
right hand and the other on my left. Both of them made a
request for a position (of authority) while the Holy Prophet
(may peace be upon him) was brushing his teeth with a
tooth−stick. He said (to me): Abu Musa (or 'Abdullah b. Qais),
what do you say (about the request they have made)? I said: By
God Who sent thee on thy mission with truth, they did not
disclose to me what they had in their minds, and I did not
know that they would ask for a position. The narrator says
(while recalling this hadith): I visualise as if I were
looking at the miswak of the Holy Prophet (may peace be upon
him) between his lips. He (the Holy Prophet) said: We shall
not or shall never appoint to the public offices (in our
State) those who with to have them, but you may go, Abu Musa
(or Abdullah b. Qais) (to take up your assignment). He sent
him to Yemen as governor. then he sent Mu'adh b. jabal in his
wake (to help him in the discharge of duties). When Mu'adh
reached the camp of Abu Musa, the latter (received him and)
said: Please get yourself down; and he spread for him a
mattress, while there was a man bound hand and foot as a
prisoner. Mu'adh said: Who is this? Abu Musa said: He was a
Jew. He embraced Islam. Then he reverted to his false religion
and became a Jew. Mu'adh said: I won't sit until he is killed
according to the decree of Allah and His Apostle (may peace be
upon him) (in this case). Abu Musa said: Be seated. It will be
done. He said: I won't sit unless he is killed in accordance
with the decree of Allah and His Apostle (may peace be upon
him). He repeated these words thrice. Then Abu Musa ordered
him (to be killed) and he was kilied. Then the two talked of
standing in prayer at night. One of them, i. e. Mu'adh, said:
I sleep (for a part of the night) and stand in prayer (for a
part) and I hope that I shall get the same reward for steeping
as I shall get for standing (in prayer).
Chapter 4: UNDESIRABILITY OF GETTING A POSITION OF AUTHORITY
WITHOUT NECESSITY
Bk 20, Number 4491:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Dharr who said: I
said to the Holy Prophet (may peace be upon him): Messenger of
Allah, will you not appoint me to a public office? He stroked
my shoulder with his hand and said: Abu Dharr, thou art weak
and authority is a trust. and on the Day of judgment it is a
cause of humiliation and repentance except for one who fulfils
its obligations and (properly) discharges the duties attendant
thereon.
Bk 20, Number 4492:
It has been reported on the authority of Abu Dharr that the
Messenger of of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: Abu Dharr,
I find that thou art weak and I like for thee what I like for
myself. Do not rule over (even) two persons and do not manage
the property of an orphan.
Chapter 5: THE MERITS OF A JUST RULER AND THE DEMERITS OF A
TYRANT RULER
Bk 20, Number 4493:
It has been narrated on the authority of 'Abdullah b. 'Umar
that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said:
Behold! the Dispensers of justice will be seated on the
pulpits of light beside God, on the right side of the
Merciful, Exalted and GlorioUS. Either side of the Being is
the right side both being equally mrneritorious. (The
Dispensers of justice are) those who do justice in their
rules, in matters relating to their families and in all that
they undertake to do.
Bk 20, Number 4494:
It has been reported on the authority of Abd al−Rahman b.
Shumasa who said: I came to A'isha to inquire something from
her. She said: From which people art thou? I said: I am from
the people of Egypt. She said: What was the behaviour of your
governor towards you in this war of yours? I said: We did not
experience anything bad from him. If the camel of a man from
us died, he would bestow on him a camel. If any one of us lost
his slave, he would give him a slave. If anybody was in need
of the basic necessities of life, he would provide them with
provisions. She said: Behold! the treatment that was meted out
to my brother, Muhammad b. Abu Bakr, does not prevent me from
telling you what I heard from the Messenger of Allah (may
peace be upon him). He said in this house of mine: O God, who
(happens to) acquire some kind of control over the affairs of
my people and is hard upon them−be Thou hard upon him, and who
(happens to) acquire some kind of control over the affairs of
my people and is kind to them−be Thou kind to him.
Bk 20, Number 4495:
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Abd
al−Rahman b. Shumasa with another chain of transmitters.
Bk 20, Number 4496:
It has been narrated on the authority of Ibn 'Umar that the
Holy Prophet (May be upon him) said: Beware. every one of you
is a shepherd and every one is answerable with regard to his
flock. The Caliph is a shepherd over the people and shall be
questioned about his subjects (as to how he conducted their
affairs). A man is a guardian over the members of his family
and shal be questioned about them (as to how he looked after
their physical and moral well−being). A woman is a guardian
over the household of her husband and his children and shall
be questioned about them (as to how she managed the household
and brought up the children). A slave is a guardian over the
property of his master and shall be questioned about it (as to
how he safeguarded his trust). Beware, every one of you is a
guardian and every one of you shall be questioned with regard
to his trust.
Bk 20, Number 4497:
This tradition has been narrated through more; than one chain
of transmitters.
Bk 20, Number 4498:
This hadith has been transmitted on the authority of Ibn
'Umar, but there is (a slight change of wording) in the hadith
transmitted through Zuhri that he said:" I think that he (the
narrator) said: The man is a custodian of the wealth of his
father, and he would be answerable for what is in his
custody."
Bk 20, Number 4499:
A hadith having the same meaning has been transmitted on the
authority of 'Abdullah b. 'Umar.
Bk 20, Number 4500:
It has been narrated on the authority of Hasan who said:
Ubaidullah b Ziyad visited Ma'qil b. Yasir al−Muzani in his
last iliness. Ma'qil said (to him): I am narrating to you a
tradition I heard from the Messenger of Allah (may peace be
upon him). If I knew that I am to survive this illness. I
would, not narrate it to you. I heard the Messenger of Allah
(may peace be upon him) say: If God appointed anyone ruler
over a people and he died while he was still treacherous to
his people, God would forbid his entry into Paradige.
Bk 20, Number 4501:
It has been narrated through a different chain of transmitters
on the authority of Hasan who said: Ibn, Ziyad paid a visit to
Ma'qil b. Yasir who was seriously ill. Here follows the same
tradition as has gone before with the addition that Ibn Ziyad
asked: Why didn't you narrate this tradition to me before this
day? Ma'qil reprimanded him and said: I did not narrate it to
you or I was not going to narrate it to you.
Bk 20, Number 4502:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Malik that
Ubaidullah b. Ziyad visited Ma'qil b. Yaser in the latter's
illness. Ma'qil said to him: I am narrating to you a
tradition. If I were not at death's door, I would not narrate
it to you. I heard the Messenger of Allah (may peace he upon
him) say: A ruler who, having obtained control over the
affairs of the Muslims, does not strive for their betterment
and does not serve them sincerely shall not enter Paradise
with them.
Bk 20, Number 4503:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu al−Aswad who
said: My father related to me that Ma'qil b. Yasir fell ill.
'Ubaidullah b. Ziyad called on him to inquire after his
health. Here follows the tradition as narrated by Hasan from
Ma'qil.
Bk 20, Number 4504:
It has been narrated on the authority of Hasan that A'idh b.
'Amr who was one of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah
(may peace be upon him) called on 'Ubaidullah b. Ziyad and
said (to him): O my son, I have heard the Messenger of Allah
(may peace be upon him) say: The worst of guardians is the
cruel ruler. Beware of being one of them. Ubaidullah said (to
him out of arrogance): Sit you down. You are from the chaff of
the Companions of Muhammad (may peace be upon him). A'idh
said: Was there worthless chaff among them? Such worthless
chaff appeared after them and among other people.
Chapter 6: MISAPPROPRIATION OF BOOTY IS A SERIOUS OFFENCE
Bk 20, Number 4505:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira who said:
One day the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) stood
among us (to deliver a sermon). He talked about the
misappropriation of booty, and declared it to be a serious
matter and a grave sin. Then he said: I shouldn't find that
any of you should come on the Day of Judgment with a growling
camel mounted on his neck, and should appeal to me for help
saying:" Messenger of Allah, help me." and I should say: I
have no authority to help you; I already communicated to you.
I shouldn't find that any of you should come on the Day of
Judgment with a bleating ewe mounted on his neck, and he
should say to me:" Messenger of Allah, help me," and I should
say: I have no authority to help you; I conveyed to you. I
shouldn't find that one of you should come on the Day of
Judgment with a Person crying loudly mounted on his neck, and
he should say to me:" Messenger of Allah, help me," and I
should say: I have no authority to help you; I conveyed to
you. I shouldn't find that any one of you should come on the
Day of Judgment with fluttering clothes wrapped round his neck
and he should say to me:" Messenger of Allah, help me," and I
should say: I have no authority to help you; I conveyed to
you. I shouldn't find that any of you should come on the Day
of Judgment with a heap of gold and silver placed on his neck
and he should say to me:" Messenger of Allah, help me." and I
should say: I have no authority to help you; I already
conveyed to you (the warning from the Almighty).
Bk 20, Number 4506:
The above tradition has been narrated on the same authority
through different chains of transmitters.
Bk 20, Number 4507:
Abu Huraira has narrated this hadith with a slight variation
of words.
Bk 20, Number 4508:
Abu Huraira has narrated this hadith similar to the above
mentioned hadith.
Chapter 7: ACCEPTANCE OF GIFTS ON THE PART OF STATE OFFICERS
IS FORBIDDEN
Bk 20, Number 4509:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Humaid as−Sa'idi
who said: The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him)
appointed a man from the Asad tribe who was called Ibn
Lutbiyya in charge of Sadaqa (i. e. authorised hign to receive
Sadaqa from the people on behalf of the State. When he
returned (with the collictions), he said: This is for you and
(this is mine as) it was presented to me as a gift. The
narrator said: The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upod him)
stood on the pulpit and praised God and extolled Him. Then he
said: What about a State official whom I give an assignment
and who (comes and) says: This is for you and this has been
presented to me as a gift? Why didn't he remain in the house
of his father or the house of his mother so that he could
observe whether gifts were presented to him or not. By the
Being in Whose Hand is the life of Muhammad, any one of you
will not take anything from it but will bring it on the Day of
Judgment, carrying on his neck a camel that will be growling,
or a cow that will be bellowing or an ewe that will be
bleating. Then he raised his hands so that we could see the
whiteness of his armpits. Then he said twice: O God, I have
conveyed (Thy Commandments).
Bk 20, Number 4510:
It has been reported on the authority of Abu Humaid as−Sa'idi
who said: The Holy Prophet (may peace be upon him) appointed
Ibn Lutbiyya, a man from the Azd tribe, in charge of Sadaqa
(authorising him to receive gifts from the people on behalf of
the State). He came with the collectio, gave it to the Holy
Prophet (may peace be upon him). and said: This wealth is for
you and this is a gift presented to me. The Holy Prophet (may
peace be upon him) said to him: Why didn't you remain in the
house of your father and your mother to see whether gifts were
presented to you or not. Then he stood up to deliver a sermon.
Here follows the tradition like the tradition of Sufyan.
Bk 20, Number 4511:
It has been reported on the authority of Abu Humaid as−Sa'idi
who said: The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him)
appointed a man from the Azd tribe. called Ibn al−, Utbiyya,
in charge of Sadaqat to be received from Banu Sulaim. When he
came (back), the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him)
asked him to render his account. He said: This wealth is for
you (i. e. for the public treasury) and this is a gift
(presented to me). The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon
him) said: You should have remained in the house of your
father and your mother, until your gift came to you if you
spoke the truth; then he addressed us. He praised God and
extolled Him, and afterwards said: I appoint a man from you to
a responsible post sharing with the authority that God has
entrusted to me, and he comes to me saying: This wealth is for
you (i. e. for the public treasury) and this is a gift
presented to me. Why did he not remain in the house of his
father and his mother and his gift came to him, if he was
truthful? By God, any one of you will not take anything from
(the public funds) without any justification, but will meet
his Lord carrying it on himself on the Day of judgment. I will
recognise any one of you meeting Allah and carrying a growling
camel, or a cow bellowing or a goat bleating. Then he raised
his hands so high that whiteness of his armpits could be seen.
Then he said: O my Lord, I have conveyed (Thy Commandments).
The narrator says: My eyes saw (the Holy Prophet standing in
that pose) and my ears heard (what he said).
Bk 20, Number 4512:
This tradition has been hanoed down through a different chain
of transmitters on the authority of Hisham with aslight
variation in the wording.
Bk 20, Number 4513:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Humaid as−Sa'idi
that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) appointed
a man in charge of Sadaqa (authorising him to receive charity
from the people on behalf of the State). He came (back to the
Holy prophet) with a large number of things and started
saying: This is for you and this has been presented to me as a
gift. Here follows the tradition that has gone before except
that 'Urwa (one of the narrators in the chain of transmitters)
asked Abu Humaid: Did you hear it from the Messenger of Allah
(himself) (may peace be upon him)? He replied: My ears heard
it from his mouth.
Bk 20, Number 4514:
It has been reported on the authority of 'Adi b. 'Amira
al−Kindi who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (may peace
be upon him) say: Whoso from you is appointed by us to a
position of authority and he conceals from us a needle or
something smaller than that, it would be misappropriation (of
public funds) and will (have to) produce it on the Day of
Judgment. The narrator says: A dark−complexioned man from the
Ansar stood up−I can visualise him still−and said: Messenger
of Allah, take back from me your assignment. He said: What has
happened to you? The man said: I have heard you say so and so.
He said: I say that (even) now: Whoso from you is appointed by
as to a position of authority, he should bring everything, big
of small, and whatever he is given therefrom he should take,
and he should restrain himself from taking that which is
forbidden.
Bk 20, Number 4515:
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Isma'il with
the same chain of transmitters.
Bk 20, Number 4516:
Adi b. 'Amira al−Kindi heard Allah's Messenger (may peace be
upon him) as saying (as) was narrated in the (above−mentioned)
hadith.
Chapter 8: OBEDIENCE TO THE RULER IS FORBIDDEN IN MATTERS
SINFUL, BUT IS OTHERWISE OBLIGATORY
Bk 20, Number 4517:
It has been narrated on the authority of Ibn Juraij that the
Qur'anic injunction:" 0 you who believe, obey Allah, His
Apostle and those in authority from amongst You" (iv. 59) −was
revealed in respect of 'Abdullah b. Hudhafa b. Qais b. Adi
al−Sahmi who was despatched by the Holy Prophet (may peace be
upon him) as leader of a military campaign. The narrator said:
He was informed of this fact by Ya'la b. Muslim who was
informed by Sa'id b. Jubair who in turn was informed by Ibn
Abbas.
Bk 20, Number 4518:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira that the
Holy prophet (may peace be upon him) said: Whoso obeys me
obeys God, and whoso disobeys me disobeys God. Whoso obeys the
commander (appointed by me) obeys me, and whoso disobeys the
commander disobeys me. The same tradition transmitted by
different persons omits the portion: And whose disobeys the
commander disobeys me.
Bk 20, Number 4519:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira that the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: Whoso obeys
me obeys God; and whose disobeys me disobeys God. Whoso obeys
my commander obeys me, and whoso disobeys my commander
disobeys me.
Bk 20, Number 4520:
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira
through another chain of transmitters.
Bk 20, Number 4521:
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira
by more than one chain of transmitters.
Bk 20, Number 4522:
Hammam b. Munabbih has transmitted this hadith on the
authority of Abu Huraira.
Bk 20, Number 4523:
According to one version of the tradition, the Messenger of
Allah (may peace be upon him) said: Whoso obeys the commander.
He did not say:" My commander."
Bk 20, Number 4524:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira that the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: It is
obligatory for you to listen to the ruler and obey him in
adversity and prosperity, in pleasure and displeasure, and
even when another person is given (rather undue) preference
over you.
Bk 20, Number 4525:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Dharr who said:
My friend (i. e. the Holy Prophet) advised me to listen (to
the man in position of authority) and obey (him) even if he
were a slave maimed (and disabled).
Bk 20, Number 4526:
In another version of the tradition, we have the wording:" An
Abyssinian slave maimed and disabled."
Bk 20, Number 4527:
Abu 'Imran narrated this hadith with a slight change of
wording.
Bk 20, Number 4528:
It has been narrated on the authority of Yahya b. Husain who
learnt the tradition from his grandmother. She said that she
heard the Holy Prophet (may peace be upon him) delivering his
sermon on the occasion of the Last Pilgrimage. He was saying:
If a slave is appointed over you and he conducts your affairs
according to the Book of Allah, you should listen to him and
obeey (his orders).
Bk 20, Number 4529:
This hadith has been transmitted on the authority of Shu'ba
with the same chain of transmitters, and he said:" a negro
slave".
Bk 20, Number 4530:
In other versions of the above tradition, the wordings are" an
Abyssinian slave." and" a maimed Abyssinian slave".
Bk 20, Number 4531:
Another version of the tradition does not qualify the slave
with the epithets" maimed,"" an Abyssinian" but makes the
addition:" I have heard the Holy Prophet (may peace be upon
him) (say this) at Mina or 'Arafat."
Bk 20, Number 4532:
It has been narrated on the authority of Yahya b. Husain who
learnt the tradition from his grandmother. Umm Husain. He
said': I heard her say: I performed Hajjat−ul−Wada' in the
company of the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him). He
said a lot of things (on this occasion). Then I heard him say:
If a maimed slave is appointed a commander over you the
narrator says: I think she said:" a black stave" who leads you
according to the Book of Allah, then listen to him and obey
him.
Bk 20, Number 4533:
It has been narrated on the authority of Ibn 'Umar that the
Holy Prophet (may peace be upon him) said: It is obligatory
upon a Muslim that he should listen (to the ruler appointed
over him) and obey him whether he likes it or not, except that
he is ordered to do a sinful thing. If he is ordered to do a
sinful act, a Muslim should neither. listen to him nor should
he obey his orders.
Bk 20, Number 4534:
This hadith has been transmitted on the authority of
'Ubaidullah.
Bk 20, Number 4535:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu 'Abd al−Rahman
from 'Ali that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him)
sent a force (on a mission) and appointed over them a man. He
kindled a fire and said: Enter it. Some people made up their
minds to enter it (the fire), (carrying out the order of their
commander), but the others said: We fled from the fire (that's
why we have come into the fold of Islam). The matter was
reported to the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him). He
said to those who Contemplated entering (the fire at the order
of their commander): If you had entered it, you would have
remained there until the Day of Judgment. He commanded the act
of the latter group and said: There is no submission in
matters involving God's disobedience or displeasure.
Submission is obligatory only in what is good (and
reasonable).
Bk 20, Number 4536:
It has been narrated on the authority of 'All who said: The
Mersenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) sent an
expeditionand appointed over the Mujahids a man from the
Ansar. (While making the appointment), he ordered that his
work should be listened to and obeyed. They made him angry in
a matter. He said: Collect for me dry wood. They collected it
for him. Then he said: Kindle a fire. They kindled (the fire).
Then he said: Didn't the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon
him) order you to listen to me and obey (my orders)? They
said: Yes. He said: Enter the fire. The narrator says: (At
this), they began to look at one another and said: We fled
from the fire to (find refuge with) the Messenger of Allah
(may peace be upon him) (and now you order us to enter it).
They stood quiet until his anger cooled down and the fire went
out. When they returned, they related the incident to the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him). He said: If they
had entered it, they would not have come out. Obedience (to
the commander) is obligatory only in what is good.
Bk 20, Number 4537:
This hadith has been transmitted on the authority of A'mash.
Bk 20, Number 4538:
It has been narrated on the authority of" Ubida who learnt the
tradition from his father who, in turn, learnt it from his own
father. 'Ubada's grandfather said: The Messenger of Allah (may
peace be upon him) took an oath of allegiance from us on our
listening to and obeying the orders of our commander in
adversity and prosperity, in pleasure and displeasure (and
even) when somebody is given preference over us, on our
avoiding to dispute the delegation of powers to a person
deemed to be a fit recipient thereof (in the eye of one who
delegates it) and on our telling the truth in whatever
position we be without fearing in the matter ef Allah the
reproach of the reproacher.
Bk 20, Number 4539:
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of 'Ubada b.
Walid with the same chain of transmitters.
Bk 20, Number 4540:
The same tradition has been handed down through more than one
chain of transmitters.
Bk 20, Number 4541:
It has been narrated on the authority of Junida b. Abu Umayya
who said: We called upon 'Ubada b. Samit who was ill and said
to him: May God give you health I Narrate to us a tradition
which God may prove beneficial (to us) and which you have
heard from the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him). He
said: The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) called us
and we took the oath of allegiance to him. Among the
injunctions he made binding upon us was: Listening and
obedience (to the Amir) in our pleasure and displeasure, in
our adversity and prosperity, even when somebody is given
preference over us, and without disputing the delegation of
powers to a man duly invested with them (Obedience shall be
accorded to him in all circumstances) except when you have
clear signs of his disbelief in (or disobedience to) God−signs
that could be used as a conscientious justification (for
non−compliance with his orders).
Chapter 9: WHEN A RULER ENJOINS GOD−CONSCIOUSNESS AND DOES
JUSTICE, HE WILL HAVE A (GREAT) REWARD
Bk 20, Number 4542:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira that the
Prophet of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: A commander (of
the Muslims) is a shield for them. They fight behind him and
they are protected by (him from tyrants and aggressors). If he
enjoins fear of God, the Exalted and Glorious, and dispenses
justice, there will be a (great) reward for him; and if he
enjoins otherwise, it redounds on him.
Chapter 10: FULFILMENT OF THE COVENANT MADE WITH THE CALIPHS
IS IMPERATIVE. THE CALIPH TO WHOM ALLEGIANCE IS SWORN IN THE
FIRST INSTANCE HAS AN ESTABLISHED SUPREMACY OVER THOSE WHO
ASSUME POWERS LATER
Bk 20, Number 4543:
It has been narrated by Abu Huraira that the Holy Prophet (may
pceace be upon him) said: Banu Isra'il were ruled over by the
Prophets. When one Prophet died, another succeeded him; but
after me there is no prophet and there will be caliphs and
they will be quite large in number. His Companions said: What
do you order us to do (in case we come to have more than one
Caliph)? He said: The one to whom allegiance is sworn first
has a supremacy over the others. Concede to them their due
rights (i. e. obey them). God (Himself) will question them
about the subjects whom He had entrusted to them.
Bk 20, Number 4544:
The same tradition has been transmitted by a different chain
of narrators.
Bk 20, Number 4545:
It has been narrated on the authority of 'Abdullah who said:
The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: After me
there will be favouritism anad many things that you will not
like. They (his Companions) said: Messenger of Allah, what do
you order that one should do it anyone from us has to live
through such a time? He said: You should discharge your own
responsibility (by obeying your Amir), and ask God to cuncede
your right (by guiding the Amir to the right path or by
replacing him by one more just and God−fearing).
Bk 20, Number 4546:
It has been narrated on the authority of 'Abd al−Rahman b. Abd
Rabb al−Ka'ba who said: I entered the mosque when 'Abdullah b.
'Amr b. al−'As was sitting in the shade of the Ka'ba and the
people had gathered around him. I betook myself to them and
sat near him. (Now) Abdullah said: I accompanied the Messenger
of Allah (may peace be upon him) on a journey. We halted at a
place. Some of us began to set right their tents, others began
to compete with one another in shooting, and others began to
graze their beasts, when an announcer of the Messenger of
Allah (may peace be upon him) announced that the people should
gather together for prayer, so we gathered around the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him). He said: It was
the duty of every Prophet that has gone before me to guide his
followers to what he knew was good for them and warn them
against what he knew was bad for them; but this Umma of yours
has its days of peace and (security) in the beginning of its
career, and in the last phase of its existence it will be
afflicted with trials and with things disagreeable to you. (In
this phase of the Umma), there will be tremendous trials one
after the other, each making the previous one dwindle into
insignificance. When they would be afflicted with a trial, the
believer would say: This is going to bring about my
destruction. When at (the trial) is over, they would be
afflicted with another trial, and the believer would say: This
surely is going to be my end. Whoever wishes to be delivered
from the fire and enter the garden should die with faith in
Allah and the Last Day and should treat the people as he
wishes to be treated by them. He who swears allegiance to a
Caliph should give him the piedge of his hand and the
sincerity of his heart (i. e. submit to him both outwardly as
well as inwardly). He should obey him to the best of his
capacity. It another man comes forward (as a claimant to
Caliphate), disputing his authority, they (the Muslims) should
behead the latter. The narrator says: I came close to him
('Abdullah b. 'Amr b. al−'As) and said to him: Can you say on
oath that you heard it from the Messenger of Allah (may peace
be upon him)? He pointed with his hands to his ears and his
heart and said: My ears heard it and my mind retained it. I
said to him: This cousin of yours, Mu'awiya, orders us to
unjustly consume our wealth among ourselves and to kill one
another, while Allah says:" O ye who believe, do not consume
your wealth among yourselves unjustly, unless it be trade
based on mutual agreement, and do not kill yourselves. Verily,
God is Merciful to you" (iv. 29). The narrator says that
(hearing this) Abdullah b. 'Amr b. al−As kept quiet for a
while and then said: Obey him in so far as he is obedient to
God; and diqobey him in matters involving disobedience to God.
Bk 20, Number 4547:
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of A'mash with
a different chain of transmitters.
Bk 20, Number 4548:
It has been narrated on the authority of 'Abd Rabb al−Ka'ba
as−Sa'idl who said: I saw a group of people near the Ka'ba....
Then he narrated the tradition as narrated by A'mash.
Chapter 11: PATIENCE AT THE TYRANNY OF THE GOVERNORS AND THEIR
UNDUE PREFERENCES
Bk 20, Number 4549:
It has been narrated on the authority of Usaid b. Hudair that
a man from the Ansar took the Messenger of Allah (may peace be
upon him) aside and said to him: Will you not appoint me
governor as you have appointed so and so? He (the Messenger of
Allah) said: You will surely come across preferential
treatment after me, so you should be patient until you meet me
at the Cistern (Haud−i−Kauthar).
Bk 20, Number 4550:
This tradition has been narrated on the same authority through
a different chain of transmitters. Another version of the
tradition narrated on the authority of Shu'ba does not include
the words:" He took the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon
him) aside."
Chapter 12: OBEDIENCE TO BE SHOWN TO THE (CALIPHS) EVEN IF
THEY WITHHOLD THE PEOPLE'S DUE RIGHTS
Bk 20, Number 4551:
It has been narrated on the authority of Alqama b. Wai'l
al−Hadrami who learnt the tradition from his father. The
latter said: Salama b. Yazid al−ju'afi asked the Messenger of
Allah (may peace be upon him): Prophet of Allah, what do you
think if we have rulers who rule over us and demand that we
discharge our obligations towards them, but they (themselves)
do not discharge their own responsibilities towards us? What
do you order us to do? The Messenger of Allah (may peace be
upon him) avoided giving any answer. Salama asked him again.
He (again) avoided giving any answer. Then he asked again−it
was the second time or the third time−when Ash'ath b. Qais
(finding that the Holy Prophet was unnecessarily being pressed
for answer) pulled him aside and said: Listen to them and obey
them, for on them shall he their burden and on you shall be
your burden.
Bk 20, Number 4552:
It has been narrated through a different chain of
transmitters. on the authority of Simak who said: Ash'ath b.
Qais pulled him (Salama b. Yazid) when the Messenger of Allah
(may peace be upon him) said: Listen to them and obey them,
for on them shall be the burden of what tney do and on you
shall be the burden of what you do.
Chapter 13: INSTRUCTION TO STICK TO THE MAIN BODY OF THE
MUSLIMS IN THE TIME OF TRIALS AND WARNING AGAINST THOSE
INVITING PEOPLE TO DISBELIEF
Bk 20, Number 4553:
It has been narrated on the authority of Hudhaifa b. al−Yaman
who said: People used to ask the Messenger of Allah (may peace
be upon him) about the good times, but I used to ask him about
bad times fearing lest they overtake me. I said: Messenger of
Allah, we were in the midst of ignorance and evil, and then
God brought us this good (time through Islam). Is there any
bad time after this good one? He said: Yes. I asked: Will
there be a good time again after that bad time? He said: Yes,
but therein will be a hidden evil. I asked: What will be the
evil hidden therein? He said: (That time will witness the rise
of) the people who will adopt ways other than mine and seek
guidance other than mine. You will know good points as well as
bad points. I asked: Will there be a bad time after this good
one? He said: Yes. (A time will come) when there will be
people standing and inviting at the gates of Hell. Whoso
responds to their call they will throw them into the fire. I
said: Messenger of Allah, describe them for us. He said: All
right. They will be a people having the same complexion as
ours and speaking our language. I said: Messenger of Allah,
what do you suggest if I happen to live in that time? He said:
You should stick to the main body of the Muslims and their
leader. I said: If they have no (such thing as the) main body
and have no leader? He said: Separate yourself from all these
factions, though you may have to eat the roots of trees (in a
jungle) until death comes to you and you are in this state.
Bk 20, Number 4554:
It his been narrated through a different chain of
transmitters, on the authority of Hudhaifa b. al−Yaman who
said: Messenger of Allah, no doubt, we had an evil time (i. e.
the days of Jahiliyya or ignorance) and God brought us a good
time (i. e. Islamic period) through which we are now living
Will there be a bad time after this good time? He (the Holy
Prophet) said: Yes. I said: Will there be a good time after
this bad time? He said: Yes. I said: Will there be a bad time
after good time? He said: Yes. I said: How? Whereupon he said:
There will be leaders who will not be led by my guidance and
who will not adopt my ways? There will be among them men who
will have the hearts of devils in the bodies of human beings.
I said: What should I do. Messenger of Allah, if I (happen) to
live in that time? He replied: You will listen to the Amir and
carry out his orders; even if your back is flogged and your
wealth is snatched, you should listen and obey.
Bk 20, Number 4555:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira that the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: One who
defected from obedience (to the Amir) and separated from the
main body of the Muslims−if he died in that state−would die
the death of one belonging to the days of Jahiliyya (i. e.
would not die as a Muslim). One who fights under the banner of
a people who ate blind (to the cause for which they are
fighting. i. e. do not know whether their cause is just or
otherwise), who gets flared up with family pride, calls,
(people) to fight for their. family honour, and supports his
kith and kin (i. e. fignts not for the cause of Allah but for
the sake of this family or tribe) −if he is killed (in this
fight), he dies as one belonging to the days of Jhiliyya.
Whoso attacks my Umma (indiscriminately) killing the righteous
and the wicked of them, sparing not (even) those staunch in
faith and fulfilling not his promise made with those who have
been given a pledge of security−he has nothing to do with me
and I have nothing to do with him.
Bk 20, Number 4556:
The same tradition has been narrated by the same authority
through another chain of transmitters with a slight difference
in wording.
Bk 20, Number 4557:
It has been narrated (through a different chain of
transmitters) on the authority of Abu Huraira that the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: Who defected
from obedience (to the Amir) and separated from the main body
of the Muslim−then he died in that state−would die the death
of one belonging to the days of Jahillyya. And he who is
killed under the banner of a man who is blind (to the cause
for which he is fighting), who gets flared up with family
pride and fights for his tribe−is not from my Umma, and whoso
from my followers attacks my followers (indiscriminately)
killing the righteous and the wicked of them, sparing not
(even) those staunch in faith and fulfilling not his
obligation towards them who have been given a pledge (of
security), is not from me (i. e. is not my follower).
Bk 20, Number 4558:
This hadlth has been narrated on the authority of Jarir with
the same chain of transmitters with a slight variation in
wording.
Bk 20, Number 4559:
It has been narrated on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas that the
messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: One who found
in his Amir something which he disliked should hold his
patience, for one who separated from the main body of the
Muslims even to the extent of a handspan and then he died
would die the death of one belonging to the days of Jahiliyya.
Bk 20, Number 4560:
It has been narrated (through a different chain of
transmitters) on the authority of Ibn Abbas that the Messenger
of Allah (may peace be upoh him) said: One who dislikes a
thing done by his Amir should be patient over it, for anyone
from the people who withdraws (his obedience) from the
government, even to the extent of a handspan and died in that
conditions, would die the death of one belonging to the days
of jahilliyya.
Bk 20, Number 4561:
It has been narrated on the authority of Ibn 'Abdullah
al−Bajali that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him)
said: One who is killed under the banner of a man who is blind
(to his just cause), who raises the slogan of family or
supports his own tribe, dies the death of one belonging to the
days of Jahiliyya.
Bk 20, Number 4562:
It has been reported on the authority of Nafi, that 'Abdullah
b. Umar paid a visit to Abdullah b. Muti' in the days (when
atrocities were perpetrated on the People Of Medina) at Harra
in the time of Yazid b. Mu'awiya. Ibn Muti' said: Place a
pillow for Abu 'Abd al−Rahman (family name of 'Abdullah b.
'Umar). But the latter said: I have not come to sit with you.
I have come to you to tell you a tradition I heard from the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him). I heard him say:
One who withdraws his band from obedience (to the Amir) will
find no argument (in his defence) when he stands before Allah
on the Day of Judgment, and one who dies without having bound
himself by an oath of allegiance (to an Amir) will die the
death of one belonging to the days of Jahillyya.
Bk 20, Number 4563:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu 'Umar that he
visited Ibn Muti', and related from the Holy Prophet (may
peace be upon him) the tradition that has gone before.
Bk 20, Number 4564:
The same tradition has been transmitted by a different chain
of narrators.
Chapter 14: DECISION ABOUT ONE WHO TRIES TO DISRUPT THE UNITY
OF THE MUSLIMS
Bk 20, Number 4565:
It has been narrated on the authority of 'Arfaja who said: I
have heard the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) say:
Different evils will make their appearance in the near future.
Anyone who tries to disrupt the affairs of this Umma while
they are united you should strike him with the sword whoever
he be. (If remonstrance does not prevail with him and he does
not desist from his disruptive activities, he is to be
killed.)
Bk 20, Number 4566:
In another version of the tradition narrated on the same
authority through a different chains of transmitters we have
the words:" Kill him."
Bk 20, Number 4567:
It has been narrated (through a still different chain of
transmitters) on the Same authority (i. e. 'Arfaja) who said
similarly−but adding:" Kill all of them." I heard the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) say: When you are
holding to one single man as your leader, you should kill who
seeks to undermine your solidarity or disrupt your unity.
Chapter 15: WHEN THE OATH OF ALLEGIANCE HAS BEEN OBTAINED FOR
TWO CALIPHS
Bk 20, Number 4568:
It has been narrated on the authority of Aba Sa'id al−Khudri
that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: When
oath of allegiance has been taken for two caliphs, kill the
one for whom the oath was taken later.
Chapter 16: JUSTIFICATION FOR HATING THE AMIRS FOR VIOLATING
THE LAWS OF THE SHARI'AH
Bk 20, Number 4569:
It has been narrated on the authority of Umm Salama that the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: In the near
future there will be Amirs and you will like their good deeds
and dislike their bad deeds. One who sees through their bad
deeds (and tries to prevent their repetition by his band or
through his speech), is absolved from blame, but one who hates
their bad deeds (in the heart of his heart, being unable to
prevent their recurrence by his hand or his tongue), is (also)
fafe ( so far as God's wrath is concerned). But one who
approves of their bad deeds and imitates them is spiritually
ruined. People asked (the Holy Prophet): Shouldn't we fight
against them? He replied: No, as long as they say their
prayers.
Bk 20, Number 4570:
It has been narrated (through a different chain of
tmnamitters) on the authority of Umm Salama (wife of the Holy
Prophet) that he said: Amirs will be appointed over you, and
you will find them doing good as well as bad deeds. One who
hates their bad deeds is absolved from blame. One who
disapproves of their bad deeds is (also) safe (so far as
Divine wrath is concerned). But one who approves of their bad
deeds and imitates them (is doomed). People asked: Messenger
of Allah, shouldn't we fight against them? He replied: No, as
long as they say their prayer. (" Hating and disapproving"
refers to liking and disliking from the heart.)
Bk 20, Number 4571:
Another version of the tradition narrated on the same
authority attributes the same words to the Messenger of Allah
(may peace be upon him) except that it replaces kariha with
ankhara and vice versa.
Bk 20, Number 4572:
Another version omits a portion at the end of the tradition−a
portion which begins with man radiya wa taba and ends with the
last word of the tradition.
Chapter 17: THE BEST AND THE WORST OR YOUR RULERS
Bk 20, Number 4573:
It has been narrated on the authority of 'Auf b. Malik that
the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: The best
of your rulers are those whom you love and who love you, who
invoke God's blessings upon you and you invoke His blessings
upon them. And the worst of your rulers are those whom you
hate and who hate you and whom you curse and who curse you. It
was asked (by those present): Shouldn't we overthrow them with
the help of the sword? He said: No, as long as they establish
prayer among you. If you then find anything detestable in
them. You should hate their administration, but do not
withdraw yourselves from their obedience.
Bk 20, Number 4574:
It has been narrated on the authority of Auf b. Malik
al−Ashja'i who said that he heard the Messenger of Allah (may
peace be upon him) say: The best of your rulers are those whom
you love and who love you, upon whom you invoke God's
blessings and who invoke His blessing upon you. And the worst
of your rulers are those whom you hate and who hate you, who
curse you and whom you curse. (Those present) said: Shouldn't
we overthrow them at this? He said: No, as long as they
establish prayer among you. No, as long as they establish
prayer among you. Mind you! One who has a governor appointed
over him and he finds that the governor indulges in an act of
disobedience to God, he should condemn the governor's act, in
disobedience to God, but should not withdraw himself from his
obedience. Ibn Jabir said: Ruzaiq narrated to me this hadith.
I asked him: Abu Miqdam, have you heard it from Muslim b.
Qaraza or did he describe it to you and he heard it from 'Auf
(b. Malik) and he transmitted this tradition of Allah's
Messenger (may peace be upon him)? Upon this Ruzaiq sat upon
his knees and facing the Qibla said: By Allah, besides Whom
there is no other God, I heard it from Muslim b. Qaraza and he
said that te had heard it from Auf (b. Malik) and he said that
he had heard it from the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon
him).
Bk 20, Number 4575:
The above tradition has been narrated through a different
chain of transmitters.
Chapter 18: IT IS GOOD ON THE PART OF A LEADER TO TAKE THE
OATH OF ALLEGIANCE FROM HIS FORCES WHEN INTENDING TO FIGHT AND
AN ACCOUNT OF THE ALLEGIANCE OF GOD'S PLEASURE UNDER THE TREE
Bk 20, Number 4576:
It has been narrated on the authority of Jabir who said: We
were one thousand and four hundred on the Day of Hudaibiya. We
swore fealty to hiin (the Holy Prophet) and 'Umar was holding
the latter's hand (when he was sitting) under the tree
(called) Samura (to administer the oath to the Companions).
The narrator added: We took oath to the effect that we would
not flee (from the battlefield if there was an encounter with
the Meccans), but we did not take oath to fight to death.
Bk 20, Number 4577:
It has been narrated (through a different chain of
transmitters) on the authority of Jabir who said: While
swearing fealty to the Holy Prophet (may peace be upon him) we
did not take the oath to death but that we would not run away
(from the battlefield).
Bk 20, Number 4578:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Zubair who heard
Jabir being questioned as to how many people were there on the
Day of Hudaibiya He replied: We wore fourteen hundred. We
swore fealty to him, and Umar was holding his hand while he
was sitting Under the tree (to administer the oath). The tree
was Samura (a wild tree found in desers). All of as took tha
oath of fealty at his hands except Jadd b. Qais al−Ansari who
hid himself under the belly of his camel.
Bk 20, Number 4579:
It has been narrated (through a different chain of
transmitters) on the authority of Abu Zubair who heard Jabir
being questioned as to whether the Holy Prophet (may peace be
upon him) took the oath of fealty at Dhu'l−Hulaifa. He said:
No! But he offered his prayers at that place, and he
administered the oath of fealty nowhere except near the tree
in (the plain oo Hudaibiya. Ibn Juraij said that he was
informed by Abu Zabair who heard Jabir b. Abdullah say: The
Holy Prophet (may peace be upon him) prayed over the well at
Hudaibiya (as a result of which its scanty water rose up and
increased so as to be sufficient for the 1400 or 1500 men who
had encamped at the place).
Bk 20, Number 4580:
It has been narrated (through a different chain of
transmitters) on the authority of Jabir who said: We were one
thousand and four hundred on the Day of Hudaibiya when the
Holy Prophet (may peace be upon him) said to us: Today you are
the best people on the earth. And Jabir said: If I had the
eyesight, I could show you the place of the tree.
Bk 20, Number 4581:
It has been narrated on the authority of Salim b. Abu al−Ja'd
who said: I asked Jabir b. 'Abdullah about the number of the
Companions (of the Holy Prophet who took the oath of fealty
under) the tree. He said: If we were a hundred thousand, it
(i. e. the water in the well at Hudaibiya) would have sufficed
us, but actually we were one thousand and five hundred.
Bk 20, Number 4582:
It has been narrated on the authority of Jabir who said: If we
had been a hundred thousand in number, it (the water) would
have sufficed us, but actually we were fifteen hundred.
Bk 20, Number 4583:
It has been narrated (through a different chain of
transmitters) on the authority of Salim b. al−Ja'd who said: I
asked Jabir: How many were you on the Day of Hudaibiya? He
said: One thousand and four hundred.
Bk 20, Number 4584:
It has been narrated on the authority of 'Abdullah b. Abu Aufa
who said: The Companions of the Tree (i e. those who swore
fealty under the tree) were one thousand and three hundred,
and the people of Aslam tribe were one−eighth of the Muhajirs.
Bk 20, Number 4585:
The same tradition has been handed down through a different
chain of transmitters.
Bk 20, Number 4586:
It has been narrated on the authority of Ma'qil b. Yasar who
aaid: I remember being present on the Day of the Tree, and the
Holy Prophet (may peace be upon him) was taking the oath of
the people and I was holding a twig of the tree over his head.
We were fourteen hundred (in number). We did not take oath to
the death, but to the effect that we would not run away from
the battlefield.
Bk 20, Number 4587:
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Yunus with
the same chain of transmitters.
Bk 20, Number 4588:
It has been narrated on the authority of Sa'id b. Musayyab who
said: My father was one of those who swore fealty to the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) near the tree. When
we passed that way next year intending to perform the Hajj,
the place of the tree was hidden to us. If you could point out
clearly, you would (certainly) be knowing better. It has also
been narrated on the authority of Sa'id b. Musayyib who learnt
from his father that they were with the Messenger of Allah
(may peace be upon him) in the year of the Tree (i. e. in the
year of the fealty of God's pleasure sworn under the tree at
Hudaibiya), but next year they forgot the spot of the tree.
Bk 20, Number 4589:
The tradition has been narrated on the authority of Sa'id b.
Musayyib who learnt it from his father. The latter said: I had
seen the tree. When I came to the spot afterwards, I could not
recognise it.
Bk 20, Number 4590:
It has been narrated on the authority of Yazid b. Abu Ubaid
(the freed slave of Salama b. al−Akwa') who said: 1 asked
Salama as to what effect he had sworn fealty to the Messenger
of Allah (may peace be upon him) on the Day of Hudaibiya. He
said: To the effect that we will die fighting.
Bk 20, Number 4591:
The above tradition has also been handed down through a
different chain of transmitters.
Bk 20, Number 4592:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abdullah b. Zaid who
said: A person came to him and said: Here is Ibn Hanzala who
is making people swear allegiance to him. He (, Abdullah)
asked: To what effect? He replied: To the effect that they
will die for him. 'Abdullah said: I will never swear
allegiance to this effect after the Messenger of Allah (may
peace be upon him).
Chapter 19: IT IS FORBIDDEN TO A MUHAJIR TO RETURN TO HIS
NATIVE PLACE FOR THE PURPOSE OF RESETTLING THERE
Bk 20, Number 4593:
It has been narrated by Salama b. al−Akwa' that he visited
al−Hajjaj who said to him: O son of al−Akwa', you have turned
apostate and have come to live again in the desert with the
Bedouins (after your migration). He said: No, but the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) has permitted me to
live in the desert.
Chapter 20: NO MIGRATION AFTER THE CONQUEST OF MECCA BUT
ALLEGIANCE COULD BE SWORN (TO A RIGHTFUL LEADER) ON SERVING
THE CAUSE OF ISLAM, ON FIGHTING IN THE WAY OF ALLAH AND ON
FOLLOWING THE PATH OF VIRTUE
Bk 20, Number 4594:
It has been reported on the authority of Mujashi' b. Mas'ud
as−Sulami who said: I came to the Holy Prophet (may peace be
upon him) to offer him my pledge of migration. He said: The
period of migration has expired (and those who wereto get the
reward for this great act of devotion have got it). You may
now give your pledge to serve the cause of Islam, to strive in
the way of Allah and to follow the path of virtue.
Bk 20, Number 4595:
It has been reported on the authority of Mujashi' b. Mas'ud
who said: I brought my brother Abu Ma'bad to the Messenger of
Allah (may peace he upon him) after the conquest of Mecca and
said: Messenger of Allah, allow him to swear his pledge of
migration at your hand. He said: The period of migration is
over with those who had to do it (and now nobody can get this
meritorious distinctions) I said: For what actions will you
allow him to bind himself in oath? He said: (He can do so) for
serving the cause of Islam, for fighting in the way of Allah
and for fighting in the cause of virtue. Abd Uthman said: I
met Abd Ma'bad and told him what I had heard from Mujashi'. He
said: He has told the truth.
Bk 20, Number 4596:
Another version of the tradition transmitted on the authority
of Asim has the same wording but does not mention the name of
Abu Ma'bad.
Bk 20, Number 4597:
It has been narrated on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas that the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said on the day of
the Conquest of Mecca: There is no Hijra now, but (only) Jihad
(fighting for the cause of Islam) and sincerity of purpose
(have great reward) ; when you are asked to set out (on an
expedition undertaken for the cause of Islam) you should
(readily) do so.
Bk 20, Number 4598:
The above tradition has been handed down through a different
chain of transmitters.
Bk 20, Number 4599:
'A'isha reported that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be
upon him) was asked about migration, whereupon he said: There
is no migration after the Conquest (of Mecca), but Jihad and
sincere intention. When you are asked to set out (for the
cause of Islam), you should set out,
Bk 20, Number 4600:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Sa'id al−Khudari
that a Bedouin asked the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon
him) about Migration. He replied: Do you talk of Hijra? The
affair of Hijra is very difficult. But have you got camels?
The bedouin said: Yes. He asked: Do you pay the poor−rate
payable on their account? He replied: Yes. He (the Holy
Prophet) said: Go on doing good deeds (across the seas), for
surely God will not leave any of your deeds unrewarded.
Bk 20, Number 4601:
This tradition has been handed down through a different chain
of transmitter with the addition of the following words at the
end:" Do you milk them on the day they arrive at the water? He
replied: Yes."
Chapter 21: HOW THE WOMEN SWORE FEALTY (TO THE HOLY PROPHET)
Bk 20, Number 4602:
It has been narrated on the authority of 'A'isha, the wife of
the Holy Prophet (may peace be upon him). She said: When the
believing women migrated (to Medina) and came to the Messenger
of Allah (may peace be upon him), they would be tested in
accordance with the following words of Allah. the Almighty and
Exalted:" O Prophet, when believing women come to thee to take
the oath of fealty to thee that they will not associate in
worship anything with God, that they will not steal. that,
they will not commit adultery..." to the end of the verse (lx.
62). Whoso from the believing women accepted these conditions
and agreed to abide by them were considered to have offered
themselves for swearing fealty. When they had (formally)
declared their resolve to do so, the Messenger of Allah (may
peace he upon him) would say to them: You may go. I have
confirmed your fealty. By God, the hand of the Messenger of
Allah (may peace be upon him) never touched the hand of a
woman. He would take the oath of fealty from them by oral
declaration. By God, the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon
him) never took any vow from women except that which God had
ordered him to take, and his palm never touched the palm of a
woman. When he had taken their vow, he would tell them that he
had taken the oath from them orally.
Bk 20, Number 4603:
It has been narrated on the authority of 'Urwa that 'A'isha
described to him the way the Holy Prophet (may peace be upon
him) took the oath of fealty from women. She said: The
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) never touched a
woman with his hand. He would only take a vow from her and
when he had taken the (verbal) vow, he would say: You may go.
I have accepted your fealty.
Chapter 22: SWEARING FEALTY FOR LISTENING TO AND OBEYING THE
ORDERS OF THE LEADER AS FAR AS POSSIBLE
Bk 20, Number 4604:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abdullah b. 'Umar who
said: We used to take oath to the Messenger of Allah (may
peace be upon him) that we would listen to and obey his
orders. He would tell us (to say in the oath): As far as it
lies in my power.
Chapter 23: THE AGE OF MAJORITY
Bk 20, Number 4605:
It has been narrated on the authority of Ibn 'Umar who said:
The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) inspected me on
the battlefield on the Day of Uhud, and I was fourteen years
old. He did not allow me (to take part in the fight). He
inspected me on the Day of Khandaq−and I was fifteen yearsold,
and he permitted me (to fight), Nafi' said: I came to 'Umar b.
'Abd al−'Aziz who was then Caliph, and narrated this tradition
to him. He said: Surely, this is the demarcation between a
minor and a major. So he wrote to his governors that they
should pay subsistence allowance to one who was fifteen years
old, but should treat those of lesser age among children.
Bk 20, Number 4606:
This tradition has been handed down through a different chain
Of transmitters with the following change in the wording:" I
was fourteen years old and he thought me too young (to
participate in the fight)."
Chapter 24: IT IS FORBIDDEN TO TAKE THE QUR'AN TO THE LAND OF
THE INFIDELS WHEN IT IS FEARED THAT IT MIGHT FALL INTO THEIR
HANDS
Bk 20, Number 4607:
It has been narrated on the authority of Ibn 'Umar who said:
The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) forbade that
one should travel to the land of the enemy taking the Qur'an
with him.
Bk 20, Number 4608:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abdullah b. Umar that
the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) used to forbid
that one should travel to the land of the enemy taking the
Qur'an (with him) lest it should fall into the hands of the
enemy.
Bk 20, Number 4609:
It has been narrated on the authority of Ibn 'Umar that the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: Do not take
the Qur'an on a journey with you, for I am afraid lost it
should fall into the hands of the enemy. Ayyub (one of the
narrators in the chain of transmitters) said: The enemy may
seize it and may quarrel with you over it.
Chapter 25: RACE BETWEEN HORSES AND THEIR TRAINING FOR THE
COMPETITION
Bk 20, Number 4610:
It has been narrated on the authority of Ibn 'Umar that the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) had a race of the
horses which had been especially prepared for the purpose from
Hafya' to Thaniyyat al−Wada' (the latter being the winning
post), and of those which had not been trained from Thaniyya
to the mosque of Banu Zuraiq, and Ibn Umar was among those who
took part in this race.
Bk 20, Number 4611:
This tradition has been handed down through another chain of
transmitters with the addition of the following words from
Abdullah b. 'Umar:" I came first in the race and my horse
jumped into the mosque with me."
Chapter 26: GREAT BENEFIT IN THE FORELOCKS OF THE HORSES
Bk 20, Number 4612:
It has been narrated on the authority of Ibn Umar that the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: There will be
great benefit in the forelock of the horses until the Day of
judgment.
Bk 20, Number 4613:
The same tradition has been handed down through a different
chain of transmitters.
Bk 20, Number 4614:
It has been narrated on the authority of Jarir b. Abdullah who
said: I saw that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon
him) was twisting the forelock of a horse with his fingers and
he was saying: (A great) benefit. i. e. reward (for rearing
them for Jihad) and spoils of war, has been tied to the
forelocks of horses until the Day of Judgment.
Bk 20, Number 4615:
The above tradition has also been narrated on the authority of
Yunus through a different chain of transmitters.
Bk 20, Number 4616:
The same tradition has been narrated on the authority of Urwat
al−Bariqi who said that the Prophet (may peace be upon him)
said: Great good is attached to the forelock of the horses
until the Day of Judgment.
Bk 20, Number 4617:
'Urwat al−Bariqi reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon
him) having said this: Good is tied to the forelock of the
horses. It Was said to him: Messenger of Allah, why is it so?
He (the Holy Prophet said): For reward and booty until the Day
of Judgment.
Bk 20, Number 4618:
This hadith has been narrated with the same chain of
transmitters with the difference that here instead of" Urwat
al−Bariqi" there is" Urwa b. ja'd."
Bk 20, Number 4619:
A version of the tradition narrated on the authority of 'Urwat
al−Bariqi does not mention (the words):" reward and booty".
Bk 20, Number 4620:
A version of the tradition transmitted on the authority of
'Urwa b. al−ja'd does not mention" reward and booty".
Bk 20, Number 4621:
It has been narrated on the authority of Anas b. Malik that
the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: There is
a blessing in the forelocks of the war horses.
Bk 20, Number 4622:
A hadith like this has been narrated on the authority of Anas
through another chain of transmitters.
Chapter 27: THE HORSES OF UNDESIRABLE QUALITY
Bk 20, Number 4623:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abn Huraira that the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) used to dislike the
Shikal horse.
Bk 20, Number 4624:
This tradition has been narrated on the authority of Sufyan
with the addition from Abd ar−Razzaq (one of the narrators)
explaining the meaning of shikal as a bone whose right back
foot and left front foot or left back foot and right front
foot are white.
Bk 20, Number 4625:
The tradition has been handed down through a different chain
of transmitters.
Chapter 28: THE MERIT OF JIHAD AND CAMPAIGNING IN THE WAY OF
ALLAH
Bk 20, Number 4626:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira that the
Messenger of Allah (may peace upon him) said: Allah has
undertaken to look after the affairs of one who goes out to
fight in His way believing in Him and affirming the truth of
His Apostles. He is committed to His care that Re will either
admit him to Paradise or bring him back to his home from where
he set out with a reward or (his share of) booty. By the Being
in Whose Hand is the life of Muhammad. If a person gets
wounded in the way of Allah, he will come on the Day of
Judgment with his wound in the same condition as it was when
it was first inflicted; its colour being the colour of blood
but its smell will be the smell of musk. By, the Being in
Whose Hand is Muhammad's life, if it were not to be too hard
upon the Muslime. I would not lag behind any expedition which
is going to fight in the cause of Allah. But I do not have
abundant means to provide them (the Mujahids) with riding
beasts, nor have they (i. e. all of them) abundant means (to
provide themselves with all the means of Jihad) so that they
could he left behind. By the Being in Whose Hand is Mubammgls
lac, I love to fight in the way of Allah and be killed, to
fight and again be killed and to fight again and be killed.
Bk 20, Number 4627:
The same tradition has been melted through another chain of
transmitters.
Bk 20, Number 4628:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira who said:
Allah has undertaken to provide for one who leaves his home
(only) to fight for His cause and to affirm the truth of His
word; Allah will either admit him to Paradise or will bring
him back home from where he had come out, with his reward and
booty.
Bk 20, Number 4629:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira that the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: One who is
wounded in the way of Allah−and Allah knows better who is
wounded in His way−will appear on the Day of Judgment with his
wound bleediing. The colour (of its discharge) will be the
colour of blood, (but) its smell will be the smell of musk.
Bk 20, Number 4630:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Haraira that the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: Every wound
received by a Muslim in the way of Allah will appear on the
Day of Judgment in the same condition as it was when it was
inflicted, and would be bleeding profusely. The colour (of its
discharge) will be the colour of blood, but its smell will be
the smell of musk. By the Being in Whose Hand is Muhammad's
life, if it were not hard upon the Muslims, I would not lag
behind any expedition undertaken for Jihad, but I do not
possess abundant means to provide the Mujahids with riding
animals, nor do they (i. e. all of them) have abundant means
(to provide themselves with all the means of Jihad) to follow
me, nor would it please their hearts to stay behind me.
Bk 20, Number 4631:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira who said:
I heard the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) say: I
would not stay behind (when) an expedition (for Jihad was
being mobilised) if it were going to be too hard upon the
believers.... This is followed by the same words as have
appeared in the previous tradition, but this tradition has the
same ending as the previous hadith with a slight difference in
the wording:" By the Being in Whose Hand is my life, I love
that I should be killed in the way of Allah; then I should be
brought back to life and be killed again in His way...."
Bk 20, Number 4632:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira that the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: If it were
not hard upon my Umma (to follow my example), I would not lag
behind any expedition−as in the traditions gone before.
Bk 20, Number 4633:
Another version of the tradition narrated through a different
chain of transmitters on the authority of Abu Huraira has the
same wording as the previous tradition:" Allah takes care of
one who goes out in the way of Allah" but ends in the words:"
I would not lag behind any expedition which is undertaken to
fight in the way of Allah, the Exalted."
Chapter 29: THE MERIT OF MARTYRDOM
Bk 20, Number 4634:
It has been narrated on the authority of Anas b. Malik that
the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said:" Nobody
who dies and has something good for him with Allah will (ever
like to) return to this world even though he were offered the
whole world and all that is in its (as an inducement), except
the martyr who desires to return and be killed in the world
for the (great) merit of martyrdom that he has seen.
Bk 20, Number 4635:
It has been narrated on the authority of Anas b. Malik
(through a different chain of transmitters) that the Messenger
of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: Nobody who enters
Paradise will (ever like to) return to this world even if he
were offered everything on the surface of the earth (as an
inducement) except the martyr who will desire to return to
this world and be killed ten times for the sake of the great
honour that has been bestowed upon him.
Bk 20, Number 4636:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira who said:
The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) was asked: What
deed could be an equivalent of Jihad in the way of Allah, the
Almighty and Exalted? He answered: You do not have the
strength to do that deed. The narrator said: They repeated the
question twice or thrice. Every time he answered: You do not
have the strength to do it. When the question was asked for
the third time, he said: One who goes out for Jibad is like a
person who keeps fasts, stands in prayer (constantly),
(obeying) Allah's (behests contained in) the verses (of the
Qur'an), and does not exhibit any lassitude in fasting and
prayer until the Mujihid returns from Jihad in the way of
Allah, the Exalted.
Bk 20, Number 4637:
This tradition has been handed down through a different chain
of transmitters.
Bk 20, Number 4638:
It has been narrated on the authority of Nu'man b. Bashir who
said: As I was (sitting) near the pulpit of the Messenger of
Allah (may peace be upon him), a man said: I do not care if,
after embracing Islam, I do not do any good deed (except)
distributing drinking water among the pilgrims. Another said:
I do not care if, after embracing Islam, I do not do any good
deed beyond maintenance service to the Sacred Mosque. Another
said: Jihad in the way of Allah is better than what you have
said. 'Umar reprimanded them and said: Don't raise your voices
near the pulpit of the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon
him) on Friday. When prayer was over, I entered (the apartment
of the Holy Prophet) and asked his verdict about the matter in
which they had differed. (It was upon this that) Allah, the
Almighty and Exalted, revealed the Qur'anic verse:" Do you
make the giving of drinking water to the pilgrims and the
maintenance of the Sacred Mosque equal to (the service of
those) who believe in Allah and the Last Day and strive hard
in the cause of Allah. They are not equal in the sight of God.
And Allah guides not the wrongdoing people" (ix. 20). This
tradition has been narrated on the authority of Nu'man b.
Bashir through another chain of transmitters.
Chapter 30: MERIT OF LEAVING FOR JIHAD IN THE MORNING AND
EVENING
Bk 20, Number 4639:
It has been narrated on the authority of Anas b. Malik that
the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: Leaving
(for Jihad) in the way of Allah in the morning or in the
evening (will merit a reward) better than the world and all
that is in it.
Bk 20, Number 4640:
It has been narrated on the authority of Sahl b. Sa'd
as−Sa'idi that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him)
said: The journey undertaken by a person in the morning (for
Jihad) in the way of Allah (will merit a reward) better than
the world and all that is in it.
Bk 20, Number 4641:
It has been narrated on the authority of Sahl b. Sa'd
as−Sa'idi that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him)
said: A journey undertaken in the morning or evening (fond
Jihad) in the way of Allah (will merit a reward) better than
the world and all that is in it.
Bk 20, Number 4642:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira that the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: If some
persons of my Umma (were not to undertake the hardships of
Jihad), and he (Abu Huraira) then narrated the rest of the
hadith and then said: A journey undertaken for jihad in the
evening or morning merits a reward better than the world and
all that is in it.
Bk 20, Number 4643:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Ayyub that the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: A journey
undertaken in the morning or evening (for Jihad) in the way of
Allah is better than (anything) on which the sun rises or
sets.
Bk 20, Number 4644:
This tradition has been narrated on the authority of Abu Ayyub
through a different chain of transmitters having the same
wording.
Chapter 31: THE HIGH POSITION RESERVED BY GOD FOR MUJAHIDS IN
PARADISE
Bk 20, Number 4645:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Sa'id Khudri that
the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said (to him):
Abu Sa'id, whoever cheerfully accepts Allah as his Lord, Islam
as his religion and Mubammad as his Apostle is necessarily
entitled to enter Paradise. He (Abu Sa'id) wondered at it and
said: Messenger of Allah, repeat it for me. He (the Messenger
of Allah) did that and said: There is another act which
elevates the position of a man in Paradise to a grade one
hundred (higher), and the elevation between one grade and the
other is equal to the height of the heaven from the earth. He
(Abu Sa'id) said: What is that act? He replied: Jihad in the
way of Allah! Jihad in the way of Allah!
Chapter 32: ONE WHO IS KILLED IN THE WAY OF ALLAH WILL HAVE
ALL HIS SINS BLOTTED OUT EXCEPF DEBT
Bk 20, Number 4646:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Qatada that the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) stood up among them
(his Companions) to deliver his sermon in which he told them
that Jihad in the way of Allah and belief in Allah (with all
His Attributes) are the most meritorious of acts. A man stood
up and said: Messenger of Allah, do you think that if I am
killed in the way of Allah, my sins will be blotted out from
me? The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: Yes,
in case you are killed in the way of Allah and you were
patient and sincere and you always fought facing the enemy,
never turming your back upon him. Then he added: What have you
said (now)? (Wishing to have further assurance from him for
his satisfaction), he asked (again): Do you think if I am
killed in the way of Allah, all my sins will be obliterated
from me? The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said:
Yes, it you were patient and sincere and always fought facing
the enemy and never turning your back upon him, (all your
lapses would be forgiven) except debt. Gabriel has told me
this.
Bk 20, Number 4647:
The tradition has been narrated through a different chain of
transmitters on the authority of Abu Qatada who said: A man
came to the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) while
he was on the pulpit and said: Do you think if I am killed in
the way of Allah... (except this difference in its beginning,
the rest of the tradition is the same as the previous one).
Bk 20, Number 4648:
Another version of the tradition differently transmitted
begins with the words:" A man came to the Messenger of Allah
(may peace be upon him) and he was sitting on the pulpit....
He said: What do you find if I strike with the sword?" (The
rest of the tradition is the same as the previous one.)
Bk 20, Number 4649:
It has been reported on the authority of 'Amr b. al−'As that
the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: All the
sins of a Shahid (martyr) are forgiven except debt.
Bk 20, Number 4650:
It has been reported on the authority of Amr b. al−'As through
a different chain of transmitters that the Messenger of Allah
(may peace be upon him) said: Death in the way of Allah blots
out everything except debt.
Chapter 33: THE SOULS OF THE MARTYRS ARE IN PARADISE; THEY ARE
ALIVE AND FIND THEIR SUSTENANCE FROM THEIR LORD
Bk 20, Number 4651:
It has been narrated on the authority of Masruq Who said: We
asked 'Abdullah about the Qur'anic verse:" Think not of those
who are slain in Allah's way as dead. Nay, they are alive,
finding their sustenance in the presence of their Lord.."
(iii. 169). He said: We asked the meaning of the verse (from
the Holy Prophet) who said: The souls, of the martyrs live in
the bodies of green birds who have their nests in chandeliers
hung from the throne of the Almighty. They eat the fruits of
Paradise from wherever they like and then nestle in these
chandeliers. Once their Lord cast a glance at them and said:
Do ye want anything? They said: What more shall we desire? We
eat the fruit of Paradise from wherever we like. Their Lord
asked them the same question thrice. When they saw that they
will continue to be asked and not left (without answering the
question). they said: O Lord, we wish that Thou mayest return
our souls to our bodies so that we may be slain in Thy way
once again. When He (Allah) saw that they had no need, they
were left (to their joy in heaven).
Chapter 34: MERIT OF JIHADAND OF KEEPING VIGILANCE (OVER THE
ENEMY)
Bk 20, Number 4652:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Sa'id Khudri that
a man came to the Holy Prophet (may peace he upon him) and
said: Who is the best of men? He replied: A man who fights in
the way of Allah spending his wealth and staking his life. The
man then asked: Who is next to him (in excellence)? He said:
Next to him is a believer who lives in a mountain gorge
worshipping hid Lord and sparing men from his mischief.
Bk 20, Number 4653:
It has been narrated (through a diferent chain of
transmetters) on the same authority (i. e. Abu Sa'id Khadri)
who said: A man asked: Messenger of Allah, which of men is the
best? He said: A believer who fights staking his life and
spending his wealth in the way of Allah. He asked: Who is next
to him (in excellence)? He said: Next to him is a man who
lives an isolated life in a mountain gorge, worshipping his
Lord and sparing men from his mischief.
Bk 20, Number 4654:
A version of the tradition narrated on the authority of Ibn
Shihab has a little differently worded ending. i. e." A man in
a mountain valley." but did not mention" next to him a man
who...."
Bk 20, Number 4655:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira that the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: Of the men he
lives the best life who holds the reins of his horse (ever
ready to march) in the way of Allah, flies on its back
whenever he hears a fearful shriek, or a call for help, flies
to it seeking death at places where it can be expected. (Next
to him) is a man who lives with his sheep at a hill−top or in
a valley, says his prayers regularly, gives Zakat and worships
his Lord until death comes to him. There is no better person
among men except these two.
Bk 20, Number 4656:
This hadith has been transmitted on the authority of Abu
Huraira with a slight variation of wording.
Bk 20, Number 4657:
Two more versions of the tradition narrated by 'Abdullah b.
Badr and Abu Huraira, respectively, have been handed down
through different chains of transmitters with negligible
difference in the wording.
Chapter 35: THE TWO MEN, BOTH OF WHOM WILL ENTER PARADISE
THOUGH ONE OF THEM SLAYS THE OTHER
Bk 20, Number 4658:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira that the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: God laughs at
the two men both of whom will enter Paradise (though) one of
them kills the other. They said: Messenger of Allah, how is
it? He said: One of them fights in the way of Allah, the
Almighty and Exalted. and dies a martyr. Then God turns in
mercy to the murderer who embraces Islam, fights in the way of
Allah, the Almighty and Exalted, and dies a martyr.
Bk 20, Number 4659:
The same tradition has been narrated on the authority of Abu
Zinad (with the same chain of transmitters).
Bk 20, Number 4660:
It has been reported on the authority of Abu Huraira that the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: God laughs at
the two men one of whom kills the other; both of them will
enter Paradise. They (the Companions) said: How, Messenger of
Allah? He said: One is slain (in the way of Allah) and enters
Paradise. Then God forgives the other and guides him to Islam;
then he fights in the way of Allah and dies a martyr.
Chapter 36: ABOUT A MAN WHO KILLED A DISBELIEVER AND EMBRACED
ISLAM
Bk 20, Number 4661:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira that the
Messenger Allah (may peace be upon him) said: A disbeliever
and a believer who killed him will never be gathered together
in Hell.
Bk 20, Number 4662:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira that the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: No two such
persons shall be together in Hell as if one of them is such
that his presence hurts the other. It was asked: Messenger of
Allah, who are they? He said: A believer who killed a
disbeliever and (then) kept to the right path."
Chapter 37: THE EXCELLENCE OF CHARITY IN THE WAY OF ALLAH AND
ITS MANIFOLD REWARD
Bk 20, Number 4663:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Mas'ud al−Ansari
who said A man brought a muzzled she−camel and said: It is
(offered) in the way of Allah. The Messenger of Allah (may
peace be upon him) said: For this you will have seven hundred
she−camels on the Day of Judgment all of which will be
muzzled.
Bk 20, Number 4664:
A similar tradition has been narrated on the authority of
al−A'mash.
Chapter 38: THE MERIT OF HELPING THE WARRIOR (FIGHTING IN THE
WAY OF ALLAH) WITH SOMETHING TO RIDE UPOW AND LOOKING AFTER
HIS FAMILY IN HIS ABSENCE
Bk 20, Number 4665:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Mas'ud al−Ansari
who said: A man came to the Messenger of Allah (may peace be
upon him) and said: My riding beast has been killed, so give
me some animal to ride upon. He (the Holy Prophet) said: I
have none with me. A man said: Messenger of Allah, I can guide
him to one who will provide him with a riding beast. The
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: One who
guides to something good has a reward similar to that of its
doer.
Bk 20, Number 4666:
The above tradition has been handed down through a different
chain of transmitters.
Bk 20, Number 4667:
It has been narrated on the authority of Anas b. Malik that a
young man from Aslam tribe said: Messenger of Allah, I wish to
fight (in the way of Allah) but I don't have anything to equip
myself with for fighting. He (the Holy Prophet) said: Go to so
and so, for he had equipped himself (for fighting) but he fell
ill. So, he (the young man) went to him and said: The
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) sends you his
greetings and says that you should give me the equipage that
you have provided yourself with. The man said (to his wife or
maidservant): So and so, give him the equipage I have
collected for myself and do not withhold anything from him. Do
not withhold anything from him so that you may be blessed
therein.
Bk 20, Number 4668:
It has been narrated on the authority of Zaid b. Kbalid
al−Juhani that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him)
said: Anybody who equips a warrior (going to fight) in the way
of Allah (is like one who actually) fights. And anybody who
looks well after his family in his absence (is also like one
who actually) fights.
Bk 20, Number 4669:
The above tradition has been narrated on the authority of
Khalid al− Juhani who said: The Prophet of Allah (may peace be
upon him) said: He who equips a warrior in the way of Allah
(is like one who dctually fights) aud he who looks after the
family of a warrior in the way of Allah in fact participated
in the battle.
Bk 20, Number 4670:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Sa'id Khudri that
the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) sent a force to
Banu Lihyan (who are from Banu Hudhail, and said: One man from
every two and the reward (will be divided) between the two.
Bk 20, Number 4671:
The above tradition has also been narrated through two
different chains of transmitters on the authority of Abu Sa'id
Khudri and Yahya, respectively.
Bk 20, Number 4672:
It has been narrated (through a still different chain of
transmitters) on the authority of Abu Sa'id Khudrl that the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) despatched a force
to Banu Lihyan. (and said: ) One man from every two should
join the force. Then he said to those who stayed behind: Those
of you who will look well after the family and wealth of those
who are going on the expedition will be getting half the
reward of the warriors.
Chapter 39: THE WIVES OF MUJAHIDS, A SACRED TRUST, AND
SINFULNESS OF THOSE WHO BETRAY THIS TRUST
Bk 20, Number 4673:
It has been narrated on the authority of Sulaimin b. Buraida
who learnt the tradition from his father. The latter said that
the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: The
sanctity of the wives of Mujahids is like the sanctity of
their mothers for those who sit at home (i. e do not go out
for Jihad). Anyone who stays behind looking after the family
of a Mujahid and betrays his trust will be made to stand on
the Day of judgment before the Mujahid who will take away from
his meritorious deeds whatever he likes. So what do you think
(will he leave anything)?
Bk 20, Number 4674:
This tradition has been narrated by the same authority through
different chain of transmitters.
Bk 20, Number 4675:
A version of the tradition narrated on the authority of
'Alqama b. Murthad has a differently worded end: It will be
said to the Mujahid: Take from his noble deeds whatever you
like. Then the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him)
turned to us and asked: What do you think (will he leave
anything)? − (i. e. he will take away everything).
Chapter 40: JIHAD NOT COMPULSORY FOR THOSE WHO HAVE A GENUINE
EXCUSE
Bk 20, Number 4676:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Ishaq, that he
heard Bara' talking about the Qur'anic verse:" Those who sit
(at home) from among the believers and those who go out for
Jihad in the way of Allah are not aqual" (iv. 95). (He said
that) the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) ordered
Zaid (to write the verse). He brought a shoulder−blade (of a
slaughtered camel) and inscribed it (the verse) thereon. The
son of Umm Maktum complained of his blindness to the Holy
Prophet (may peace be upon him). (At this) descended the
revelation:" Those of the believers who sit (at home) without
any trouble (illness, incapacity, disability)" (iv. 95). The
tradition has been handed down through two other chains of
transmitters.
Bk 20, Number 4677:
It has been narrated on the authority of Bara' who said: When
the Qur'anic verse:" Those who sit (at home) from among
mu'min" (iv. 94) was revealed, the son of Umm Maktum spoke to
him (the Holy Prophet). (At this). the words:" other than
those who have a trouble (illness)" were revealed.
Chapter 41: IN PROOF OF THE MARTYR'S ATTAINING PARADISE
Bk 20, Number 4678:
It has been reported on the authority of Jabir that a man
said: Messenger of Allah, where shall I be if I am killed? He
replied: In Paradise. The man threw away the dates he had in
his hand and fought until he was killed (i. e. he did not wait
until he could finish the dates). In the version of the
tradition narrated by Suwaid we have the words:" A man said to
the Holy Prophet (may peace be upon him). on the day of
Uhud......"
Bk 20, Number 4679:
It has been reported on the authority of Bara! ' who stated: A
man from Banu Nabit (one of the Ansar tribes) came to the Holy
Prophet (may peace be upon him) and said: I testify that there
is no god except Allah and that thou art His bondman and
Messenger. Then he went forward and fought until he was
killed. The Holy Prophet (may peace be upon him) said: He has
done a little but shall be given a great reward.
Bk 20, Number 4680:
It has been reported on the authority of Anas b. Malik who
said: The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) sent
Busaisah as a scout to see what the caravan of Abu Sufyan was
doing. He came (back and met the Holy Prophet in his house)
where there was nobody except myself and the Messenger of
Allah. I do not remember whether he (Hadrat Anas) made an
exception of some wives of the Holy Prophet (may peace be upon
him) or not and told him the news of the caravan. (Having
heard the news), the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon
him) came out (hurriedly), spoke to the people and said: We
are in need (of men) ; whoever has an animal to ride upon
ready with him should ride with us. People began to ask him
permission for bringing their riding animals which were
grazing on the hillocks near Medina. He said: No. (I want)
only those who have their riding animals ready. So the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) and his Companions
proceeded towards Badr and reached there forestalling the
polytheists (of Mecca). When the polytheists (also) reached
there, the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said:
None of you should step forward to (do) anything unless I am
ahead of him. The polytheists (now) advanced (towards us), and
the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said. Get up to
enter Paradise which is equal in width to the heavens and the
earth. 'Umair b. al− Humam al−Ansari said: Messenger of Allah,
is Paradise equal in extent to the heavens and the earth? He
said: Yes. 'Umair said: My goodness! The Messenger of Allah
(may peace be upon him) asked him: What prompted you to utter
these words (i. e. my goodness! ')? He said: Messenger of
Allah, nothing but the desire that I be among its residents.
He said: Thou art (surely) amona its residents. He took out
dates from his bag and began to eat them. Then he said: If I
were to live until I have eaten all these dates of mine, it
would be a long life. (The narrator said): He threw away all
the dates he had with him. Then he fought the enemies until he
was killed.
Bk 20, Number 4681:
The tradition has been narrated on the authority of 'Abdullah
b. Qais. He heard it from his father who, while facing the
enemy, reported that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon
him) said: Surely, the gates of Paradise are under the shadows
of the swords. A man in a shabby condition got up and said;
Abu Musa, did you hear the Messenger of Allah (may peace be
upon him) say this? He said: Yes. (The narrator said): He
returned to his friends and said: I greet you (a farewell
greeting). Then he broke the sheath of his sword, threw it
away, advanced with his (naked) sword towards the enemy and
fought (them) with it until he was slain.
Bk 20, Number 4682:
It has been reported on the authority of Anas b. Malik that
some people came to the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon
him) and said to him: Send with us some men who may teach us
the Qur'an and the Sunnah. Accordingjy, he sent seventy men
from the Ansar. They were called the Reciters and among them
was my maternal uncle. Haram. They used to recite the Qur'an,
discuss and ponder over its meaning at night. In the day they
brought water and poured it (in pitchers) in the mosque,
collected wood and sold it, and with the sale proceeds bought
food for the people of the Suffa and the needy. The Holy
Prophet (may peace be upon him) sent the Reciters with these
people, but these (treacherous people) fell upon them and
killed thern before they reached their destination (While
dying), they said: O Allah, convey from us the news to our
Prophet that we have met Thee (in a way) that we are pleased
with Thee and Thou art pleased with us. (The narrator said): A
man attacked Haram (maternal uncle of Anas) ) from behind and
smote him with a spear which pierced him. (While dying), Haram
said: By the Lord of the Ka'ba, I have met with success. The
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said to his
Companions: Your brethren have been slain grid they were
saying: O Allah, convey from us to our Prophet the news that
we have met Thee in a way that we are pleased with Thee and
Thou art pleased with us.
Bk 20, Number 4683:
It has been Deported on the authority of Anas who said: My
uncle and I have been named after him was not present with the
Messenger of Allah (mav peace be upon him) on the Day of Badr.
He felt distressed about it. He would say: I have missed the
first battle fought by the Messenger of Allah (may peace be
upon him), and if God now gives me an opportunity to see a
battlefield with the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon
him), God will see what I do therein. He was afraid to say
more than this (lest he be unable to keep his word with God).
He was present with the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon
him) on the Day of Uhud. He met Sa'd b. Mu'adh (who was
retreating). Anas said to him: O Abu 'Amr, where (are you
going)? Woe (to thee)! I find the smell of Paradise beside the
Uhud mountain. (Reprimanding Sa'd in these words) he went
forward and fought thein (the enemy) until he was killed. (The
narrator says). More than eighty wounds inflicted with swords,
spears and arrows were found on his body. His sister, my aunt,
ar−Rubayyi', daughter of Nadr, said: I could not recognise my
brother's body (it was so badly mutilated) except from his
finger−tips. (It was on this occasion that) the Qur'anic
verse:" Among the Believers are men who have been true to
their covenant with God. Of them some have completed their vow
(to the extreme), and some still wait: but they have never
changed (their determination) in the least" (xxxiii. 23). The
narrator said that the verse had been revealed about him (Anas
b. Nadr) and his Companions.
Chapter 42: ONE WHO FIGHTS THAT THE WORD OF ALLAH IS EXALTED
FIGHTS IN THE WAY OF ALLAH
Bk 20, Number 4684:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Musa Ash'ari that
a desert Arab came to the Holy Prophet (may peace be upon him)
and said: Messenger of Allah, one man fights fgr the spoils of
war; another fights that he may be remembered, and another
fights that he may see his (high) position (achieved as a
result of his valour in fighting). Which of these is fighting
in the cause of God? The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon
him) said: Who fights so that the word of Allah is exalted is
fighting in the way of Allah.
Bk 20, Number 4685:
It has been narrated (through another chain of transmitters)
on the authority of Abu Musa who said. The Messenger of Allah
(may peace be upon him) was asked which of the men fights in
the way of Allah: (one who fights) for displaying his valour;
(a man who) fights out of his family pride and (a man who)
fights for the sake of show, who amongst these fights in the
way of Allah? The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him)
said: Who fights that the word of Allah be exalted fights in
the way of Allah.
Bk 20, Number 4686:
It has been narrated (through yet another chain of
transmitters) on the same authority, i. e. Abu Musa, who said:
We, came to the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) and
said: Messenger of Allah, one of us hho fights to display his
valour... (followed by the same words as we have in the
previous tradition).
Bk 20, Number 4687:
It has been narrated through a different chain of transmitters
on the same authority, i. e. Abu Musa Ash'ari, that a man
asked the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) about
fighting in the way of Allah, the Exalted and Majestic, a man
who fights out of rage or out of family pride. He raised his
head towards him−and he did so because the man was standing
and said: Who fights that the word of Allah be exalted fights
in the way of Allah.
Chapter 43: WHO FOUGHT FOR OSTENTATION AND VANITY DESERVED
(PUNISHMENT IN) HELL
Bk 20, Number 4688:
It has been narrated on the authority of Sulaiman b. Yasar who
said: People dispersed from around Abu Huraira, and Natil, who
was from the Syrians. said to him: O Shaikh, relate (to us) a
tradition you have heard from the Messenger of Allah (may
peace be upon him). He said: Yes. I heard the Messenger of
Allah (may peace be upon him) say: The first of men (whose
case) will be decided on the Day of Judgment will be a man who
died as a martyr. He shall be brought (before the Judgment
Seat). Allah will make him recount His blessings (i. e. the
blessings which He had bestowed upon him) and he will recount
them (and admit having enjoyed them in his life). (Then) will
Allah say: What did you do (to requite these blessings)? He
will say: I fought for Thee until I died as a martyr. Allah
will say: You have told a lie. You fought that you might be
called a" brave warrior". And you were called so. (Then)
orders will be passed against him and he will be dragged with
his face downward and cast into Hell. Then will be brought
forward a man who acquired knowledge and imparted it (to
others) and recited the Qur'an. He will be brought And Allah
will make him recount His blessings and he will recount them
(and admit having enjoyed them in his lifetime). Then will
Allah ask: What did you do (to requite these blessings)? He
will say: I acquired knowledge and disseminated it and recited
the Qur'an seeking Thy pleasure. Allah will say: You have told
a lie. You acquired knowledge so that you might be called" a
scholar," and you recited the Qur'an so that it might be
said:" He is a Qari" and such has been said. Then orders will
be passed against him and he shall be dragged with his face
downward and cast into the Fire. Then will be brought a man
whom Allah had made abundantly rich and had granted every kind
of wealth. He will be brought and Allah will make him recount
His blessings and he will recount them and (admit having
enjoyed them in his lifetime). Allah will (then) ask: What
have you done (to requite these blessings)? He will say: I
spent money in every cause in which Thou wished that it should
be spent. Allah will say: You are lying. You did (so) that it
might be said about (You):" He is a generous fellow" and so it
was said. Then will Allah pass orders and he will be dragged
with his face downward and thrown into Hell.
Bk 20, Number 4689:
This tradition has been handed down through a different chain
of transmitters.
Chapter 44: THE REWARD OF ONE WHO FOUGHT AND GOT HIS SHARE OF
THE BOOTY AND OF ONE (WHO FOUGHT) BUT DID NOT GET ANY BOOTY
Bk 20, Number 4690:
It has been narrated on the authority of 'Abdullah b. 'Amr
that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: A
troop of soldiers who fight in tile way of Allah and get their
share of the booty receive in advance two−thirds of their
reward in the Hereafter and only one−third will remain (to
their credit). If they do not receive any booty, they will get
their full reward.
Bk 20, Number 4691:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abdullah b. Amr
(through a different chain of transmitters) that the Messenger
of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: A troop of soldiers,
large or small, who fight (in the way of Allah), get their
share of the booty and return safe and sound, receive in
advance two−thirds of their reward (only one−third remaining
to their credit to be received in the Hereafter) ; and a troop
of soldiers, large or small, who return empty−handed and are
afflicted or wounded, will receive their full reward (in the
Hereafter).
Chapter 45: THE VALUE OF AN ACTION DEPENDS ON THE INTENTION
BEHIND IT
Bk 20, Number 4692:
It has been narrated on the authority of Umar b. al−Khattab
that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: (The
value of) an action depends on the intention behind it. A man
will be rewarded only for what he intended. The emigration of
one who emigrates for the sake of Allah and His Messenger (may
peace be upon him) is for the sake of Allah and His Messenger
(may peace be upon him) ; and the emigration of one who
emigrates for gaining a worldly advantage or for marrying a
woman is for what he has emigrated.
Bk 20, Number 4693:
It has been narrated through a different chain of transmitters
on the authority of Sufyan who said that he heard 'Umar b.
al−Khattab relate (this tradition) from the Holy Prophet (may
peace be upon him) while he was delivering a sermon from the
pulpit.
Chapter 46: DESIRABILITY OF SEEKING MARTYRDOM
Bk 20, Number 4694:
It has been narrated on the authority of Anas b. Malik that
the Messenger of Allah (may peace he upon him) said: Who seeks
martyrdom with sincerity shall get its reward, though he may
not achieve it.
Bk 20, Number 4695:
It has been reported on the authority of Sahl b. Aba Umama b.
Sahl b. Hunaif who learned the tradition from his father who
(in turn) learned it from his grandfather−that the Messenger
of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: Who sought martyrdom
with sincerity will be ranked by Allah among the martyrs even
if he died on his bed. In his version of the tradition Abd
Tahir did not mention the words:" with sincerity".
Chapter 47: DENUNCIATION OF ONE WHO DIED BUT NEVER FOUGHT IN
THE WAY OF ALLAH NOR DID HE EVER EXPRESS A DESIRE OR
DETERMINATION FOR JIHAD
Bk 20, Number 4696:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira that the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: One who died
but did not fight in the way of Allah nor did he express any
desire (or determination) for Jihid died the death of a
hypocrite. 'Abdullah b. Mubarak said: We think the hadith
pertained to the time of the Messenger of Allah (may peace be
upon him).
Chapter 48: REWARD OF THOSE WHO COULD NOT JOIN A JIHAD
EXPEDITION ON ACCOUNT OF ILLNESS OR SOME OTHER EXCUSE
Bk 20, Number 4697:
It has been narrated on the authority of Jabir who said: We
were with the Holy Prophet (may peace be upon him) on an
expedition. He said: There are some people in Medina. They are
with you whenever you cover a distance or cross a valley. They
have been detained by illness.
Bk 20, Number 4698:
In a version of the tradition narrated on the authority of
A'mash, we have the words:" They will share with you the
reward (for Jihid)."
Chapter 49: THE MERIT OF JOINING A NAVAL EXPEDITION FOR JIHAD
Bk 20, Number 4699:
It has been reported on the authority of Anas b. Malik that
the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) used to visit
Umm Haram daughter of Milhan (who was the sister of his
foster−mother or his father's aunt). She was the wife of
'Ubada b. Samit, One day the Messenger of Allah (may peace be
upon him) paid her a visit. She entertained him with food and
then sat down to rub his head. The Messenger of Allah (may
peace be upon him) dozed off and when he woke up (after a
while), he was laughing. She asked: What made you laugh.
Messenger of Allah? He said: Some people from my Umma were
presented to me who were fighters in the way of Allah and were
sailing in this sea. (Gliding smoothly on the water), they
appeared to be kings or like kings (sitting) on thrones (the
narrator has a doubt about the actual expression used by the
Holy Prophet). She said: Messenger of Allah, pray to Allah
that He may include me among these warriors. He prayed for
her. Then he placed his head (down) and dozed off (again). He
woke up laughing, as before. (She said) I said: Messenger of
Allah, what makes you laugh? He replied: A people from my Umma
were presented to me. They were fighters in Allah's way. (He
described them in the same words as he had described the first
warriors.) She said: Messenger of Allah, pray to God that He
may include me among these warriors. He said: You are among
the first ones. Umm Haram daughter of Milhan sailed in the aea
in the time of Mu'awiya. When she came out of the sea and (was
going to mount a riding animal) she fell down and died.
Bk 20, Number 4700:
It has been narrated on the authority of Umm Haram (and she
was the aunt of Anas) who said: The Holy Prophet (may peace be
upon him) came to us one day and had a nap in our house. When
he woke up, he was laughing. I said: Messenger of Allah, what
made you laugh? He said: I saw a people from my followers
sailing on the surface of the sea (looking) like kings
(sitting) on their thrones. I said: Pray to Allah that He may
include me among them. He said: You will hip among them. He
had a (second) ntip, woke up and was laughing. I asked him
(the reason for his laughter). He gave the same reply. I said:
Pray to Allah that He may include me among them. He said: You
are among the first ones. Anas said: 'Ubada b. Samit married
her. He joined a naval expedition and took her along with him.
When she returned, a mule was brought for her. While mounting
it she fell down, broke her neck (and died).
Bk 20, Number 4701:
It has been reported on the authority of Umm Haram daughter of
Milhan (through another chain of transmitters). She said: One
day the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) slept (at a
place) near me. He woke up smiling. She said: Messenger of
Allah. what made thee laugh? He said: A people from my
followers were presented to me. They were sailing on the
surface of this green sea... (here follows the tradition that
has gone before).
Bk 20, Number 4702:
It has been reported by 'Abdullah b. 'Abd al−Rahman that he
heard Anas b. Malik say: The Messenger of Allah (may peace be
upon him) paid a visit to Milhan's daughter, maternal aunt of
Anas (and the sister of the Holy Prophet's foster−mother). He
placed his head near her (from this point onward, the narrator
carried on the previous tradition to its end).
Chapter 50: THE MERIT OF KEEPING WATCH IN THE WAY OF ALLAH,
THE ALMIGHTY AND EXALTED
Bk 20, Number 4703:
It has been narrated on the authority of Salman who said: I
heard the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) say:
Keeping watch for a day and a night is better (in point of
reward) than fasting for a whole month and standing in prayer
every night. If a person dies (while, performing this duty),
his (meritorious) activity will continue and he will go on
receiving his reward for it perpetually and will be saved from
the torture of the grave.
Bk 20, Number 4704:
This tradition has been handed down on the authority of Salman
al−Khair through another chain of transmitters.
Chapter 51: ABOUT THE MARTYRS
Bk 20, Number 4705:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira that the,
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: While a man
walks along a path, finds a thorny twig lying on the way and
puts it aside, Allah would appreciate it and forgive him The
Holy Prophet (may peace be upon him) said: The martyrs are of
five kinds: one who dies of plague; one who dies of diarrhoea
(or cholera) ; one who is drowned; one who is buried under
debris and one who dies fighting in the way of Allah.
Bk 20, Number 4706:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira (through
another chain of transmitters) that the Messenger of Allah
(may peace be upon him) said: Whom do you consider to be a
martyr among you? They (the Companions) said: Messenger, of
Allah, one who is slain in the way of Allah is a martyr. He
said: Then (if this is the definition of a martyr) the martyrs
of my Umma will be small in number. They asked: Messenger of
Allah, who are they? He said: One who is slain in the way of
Allah is a martyr; one who dies in the way of Allah, is a
martyr; one who dies of plague is a martyr; one who dies of
cholera is a martyr. Ibn Miqsam said: I testify the truth of
your father's statement (with regard to this tradition) that
the Holy Prophet (may peace be upon him) said: One who is
drowned is a martyr.
Bk 20, Number 4707:
A version of the tradition narrated on the authority of Suhail
contains the additional words:" And one who is drowned is a
martyr."
Bk 20, Number 4708:
Another version of the tradition narrated on the authority of
Suhail thouch a different chain of transmitters contains the
additional words:" A drowned person is a martyr."
Bk 20, Number 4709:
It has been narrated on the authority of Hafsa daughter of
Sirin who said: Anas b. Malik asked me the cause of death of
Yahya b. 'Abu 'Amra. I said: (He died) of plague. He said: The
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said that death by
plague is martyrdom for a Muslim.
Bk 20, Number 4710:
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of 'Asim
through the same chain of transmitters.
Chapter 52: THE MERIT OF ARCHERY AND INDUCING OTHERS TO LEARN
IT AND DENUNCIATION OF ONE WHO LEARNT THE ART AND THEN
NEGLECTED IT
Bk 20, Number 4711:
It has been narrated on the authority of Ibn Amir who said: I
heard the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) say−and
he was delivering a sermon from the pulpit: Prepare to meet
them with as much strength as you can afford. Beware, strength
consists in archery. Beware, strength consists in archery.
Beware, strength consists in archery.
Bk 20, Number 4712:
It has been narrated on the authority of Uqba b. Amir who
said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him)
say: Lands shall be thrown open to you and Allah will suffice
you (against your enemies), but none of you should give up
playing with his arrows.
Bk 20, Number 4713:
This tradition has also been narrated on the same authority
through another chain of transmitters.
Bk 20, Number 4714:
It has been reported by 'Abd al−Rahman b. Shamasa that Fuqaim
al− Lakhmi said to Uqba b. Amir: You frequent between these
two targets and you are an old man, so you will be finding it
very hard. 'Uqba said: But for a thing I heard from the Holy
Prophet (may peace be upon him), I would not strain myself.
Harith (one of the narrators in the chain of transmitters)
said: I asked Ibn Shamasa: What was that? He said that he (the
Holy Prophet) said: Who learnt archery and then gave it up is
not from us. or he has been guilty of disobedience (to Allah's
Apostle).
Chapter 53: SAYING OF THE HOLY PROPHET (MAY PEACE BE UPON
HIM):" A GROUP OF PEOPLE FROM MY UMMA WILL ALWAYS REMAIN ON
THE RIGHT PATH AND CONTINUE TO BE TRIUMPHANT; THEIR OPPONENTS
SHALL NOT BE ABLE TO DO THEM ANY HARM"
Bk 20, Number 4715:
It has been narrated on the authority of Thauban that the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: A group of
people from mv Umma will always remain triumphant on the right
path and continue to be triumphant (against their opponents).
He who deserts them shall not be able to do them any harm.
They will remain in this position until Allah's. Command is
executed (i. e. Qayamah is established). In Qutaiba's version
of the tradition, we do not have the words:" They will remain
in this position."
Bk 20, Number 4716:
It has been narrated on the authority of Mughira who said: I
heard the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) say: A
group of people from my Umma will continue to be triumphant
over the people until the Command of Allah overtakes them
while they are still triumphant. The same tradition has been
narrated through another chain of transmitters on the same
authority.
Bk 20, Number 4717:
It has been narrated on the authority of Jabir b. Samura that
the Holy Prophet (may peace be upon him) said: This religion
will continue to exist, and a group of people from the Muslims
will continue to fight for its protection until the Hour is
established.
Bk 20, Number 4718:
It has been narrated on the authority of Jabir b. 'Abdullah
who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon
him) say: A group of people from my Umma will continue to
fight In defence of truth and remain triumphant until the Day
of judgment.
Bk 20, Number 4719:
It his been narrated on the authority of Umair b. Umm Hani who
said: I heard Mu'awiya say (while delivering a sermon from the
pulpit) that he heard the Messenger of Allah (may peace be
upon him) say: A group of people from my Umma will continue to
obey Allah's Command, and those who desert or oppose them
shall not be able to do them any harm. They will be dominating
the peeple until Allah's Command is executed (i. e.
Resurrection is established).
Bk 20, Number 4720:
It has been related by, Yazid b. al−Asamm that he heard
Mu'awiya b. Abu Sfyan quote a tradition from the Holy Prophet
(may peace be upon him) which he related from the Prophet
(mail peace he upon him) −and he did not hear him quote from
the Holy Prophet (masy peace be upon him) any tradition other
than this in the course of his sermon from the pulpit−that
whom Allah wants to do a favour, He grants him an
understanding of religion. A group of people from the Muslims
will remain on the Right Path and continue until the Day of
Judgment to triumph over those who oppose them.
Bk 20, Number 4721:
It has been narrated on the authority of 'Abd al−Rahman b.
Shamasa al− Mahri who said: I was in the company of Maslama b.
Mukhallad, and 'Abdullah b. 'Amr b. 'As was with him.
'Abdullah said: The Hour shall some oniy when the worst type
of people are left on the earth. They will be worse than the
people of pre−Islamic days. They will get whatever they ask of
Allah. While we were yet sitting when 'Uqba b. 'Amir came, and
Maslama said to him: 'Uqba, listen to what 'Abdullah says.
'Uqba said: He knows better; so far as I am concerned, I heard
the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) say: A group of
people from my Umma will continue to fight in obedience to the
Command of Allah, remaining dominant over their enemies. Those
who will oppose them shall not do them any harm. They will
remain ill this condition until the Hour overtakes them. (At
this) 'Abdullah said: Yes. Then Allah will raise a wild which
will be fragrant like musk and whose touch will be like the
touch of silk; (but) it will cause the death of all (faithful)
persons, not leaving behind a single person with an iota of
faith in his heart. Then only the worst of men will remain to
be overwhelmed by the Hour.
Bk 20, Number 4722:
It has been narrated by Sa'd b. Abu Waqqas that the Messenger
of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: The people of the West
will continue to triumphantly follow the truth until the Hour
is established.
Chapter 54: KEEPING THE GOOD OF THE ANIMALS IN VIEW DURING A
JOURNEY AND FORBIDDANCE FROM HALTING FOR THE NIGHT ON THE
TRACK
Bk 20, Number 4723:
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira that the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: When you
journey through a fertile land, you should (go slow and) give
the camels a chance to graze in the land. When you travel In
an arid (land) where there is scarcity of vegetation, you
should quicken their pace (lest your camels grow feeble and
emaciated for lack of fodder). When you halt for the night,
avoid (pitching your tent on) the road, for it is the abode of
noxious little animals at night.
Bk 20, Number 4724:
It has been narrated (through another chain of transmitters)
on the authority of Abu Huraira that the Messenger of Allah
(may peace be upon him) said: When you travel (through a land)
where there is plenty of vegetation, you should (go slow and)
give the camels a chance to enjoy the benefit of the earth.
When you travel (through a land) where there is scarcity of
vegetation, you should hasten with them (so that you may be
able to cross that land while your animals ore still in a good
condition of health). When you make a halt for the night,
avoid (doing so on) the road, for the tracks are the pathways
of wild beasts or the abode of noxious little animals.
Chapter 55: TRAVELLING, A TORTUOUS EXPERIENCE−DESIRABILITY OF
A TRAVELLER'S HASTENING HIS RETURN TO HIS FAMILY AFTER THE
TRANSACTION OF HIS BUSINESS
Bk 20, Number 4725:
On the authority of Abu Huraira that the Prophet (may peace be
upon him) said: Travelling is a tortuous experience. It
deprives a person of his sleep. his food and drink. When one
of you has accomplished his purpose, he should hasten his
return to his family.
Chapter 56: UNDESIRABILITY OF RETURNING TO ONE'S FAMILY AT
NIGHT (AFTER A LONG ABSENCE FROM HOME)
Bk 20, Number 4726:
It has been narrated on the authority of Anas b. Malik that
the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) would not come
(back) to his family by night. He would come to them in the
morning or in the evening. Another version of the tradition
narrated on the some authority is a little difierently worded.
It says: (He) would not enter (upon his household at night).
Bk 20, Number 4727:
It has been narrated on the authority of Jabir b. 'Abdullah
who said: We accompanied the Messenger of Allah (may peace be
upon him) on an expedition. When we came (back) to Medina and
were going to enter our houses, he said: Wait and enter (your
houses) in the later part of the evening so that a woman with
dishevelled hair may have used the comb, and a woman whose
husband has been away from home may have removed the hair from
her private parts.
Bk 20, Number 4728:
It has been narrated on the authority of Jabir that the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: If one of you
comes (back from a journey) at night. he should not enter his
house as a night visitor (but should wait) until a woman whose
husband has been away from house has removed the hair from her
private parts and a woman with dishevelled hair has combed her
hair.
Bk 20, Number 4729:
This tradition has been handed down through another chain of
transmitters.
Bk 20, Number 4730:
It has been narrated (through a different chain of tranmitten)
on the authority of Jabir who said: The Messenger of Allah
(may peace be upon him) forbade that a man should come to his
family like (an unexpected) night visitor doubting their
fidelity and spying into their lapses.
Bk 20, Number 4731:
A version of the tradition narrated on the authority of Jabir
(but through a different chain of transmitters) mentions the
undesirability of coining to one's house like a night visitor,
but does not contain the words:" Doubting their fidelity or
spying into their lapses."