Bk 33 Destiny (Kitab−ul−Qadr)
INTRODUCTION
Whether the fate of man is predestined or he himself is the
architect of it, is a question which has been very often
discussed by scholars of all times. This problem is
significantly important as no sensible man. not even the man
in the street, can afford to ignore it. Faith in Taqdir
(Destiny) has a very deep impact upon our lives and we always
find our lives oscillating between determinism and freewill.
As a man looks around himself and looks to his own self and
within himself, he finds that there are hundred and one things
in shaping and reshaping of which he has no hand, e. g. in
determining the climate of the land in which he is born, in
canalising the courses of rivers which flow therein and in
determining the nature of the soil thereof. He finds himself
absolutely powerless. As he looks to himself he finds that
there are so many things In him which are beyond his control,
viz. the measure of intellect he has been endowed with, the
shape and form of his physical structure with which he has
been sent to this world, and the inclinations and so many
other qualities of head and heart which are embedded in his
very nature. In all these aspects of life he finds himself
helpless before the Great and Mighty Power that created him.
On the other hand, there are so many things in which man finds
himself quite empowered. As he looks to the marvellous
achievements of man despite all odds, he finds it difficult to
believe that he is a mere puppet in the mighty hand of Nature.
This problem of predestination and freewill, in which man
finds his life hanging, has been adequately solved by the
Qur'an and the Sunnah. We give below a brief summary of their
elucidations. The first principle which Islam lays down in
regard to Taqdir is that man is neither completely the master
of his fate nor is he bound to the blind law of
predestination. So far as the sovereignty of Allah's Will is
concerned, it is all−pervading and nothing falls outside its
orbit. Not even a leaf, therefore, stirs without His Will. It
is His Will that prevails everywhere. To God belongs the
sovereignty of Heavens and the Earth. He created what He
pleaseth, giving to whom He pleaseth females and to whom He
pleaseth males or conjoining them males and females, and He
maketh whom He pleaseth barren, verify He hath knowledge and
power (xlii. 48). Men are, therefore, completely subordinate
to the overruling power of God, they cannot do anything unless
God wills so. " Whom God guideth he is the rightly−guided.
Whom he sendeth stray, thou wilt not find a patron to set him
right (xviii. 16). His mighty grasp is, therefore, over
everything. The Almighty Lord, Who has created everything and
has determined its nature and course, has in His infinite
wisdom and mercy conferred upon man a limited autonomy
according to which a man is free to do or not to do a certain
thing. It is because of this autonomy enjoyed by man that he
is hold accountable for his deeds. The concept of human
responsibility and that of his answerability for his deeds and
misdeeds becomes meaningless if he is supposed to be deprived
of this autonomy. There are, a large number of verses in the
Holy Qur'an which make a pointed reference to the autonomy
conferred upon man. Man shall have nothing but that what he
strives for (liii. 39). Allah does not change the condition of
a people until they change it themselves (viii. 53; xiii. 11).
Those who strive in His path, are guided in the right path,
while those who persist in denial and sinful livifig have
their hearts sealed against faith (ii. 7, 26; iv. 155; v;. i.
102). Allah does not compel belief and leaves the people free
to believe or disbelieve (vi. 35, 150; xvi−. 9). Whoever has
done an atorn's weight of good shall meet with its reward and
whoever has done an atom's weight of evil shall meet with its
consequences (xcix. 7−8). It should be borne in mind in this
connection that the word Taqdir used in the Qur'an does not
always signify something predestined. It at times implies a
measure or the latent potentialities or possibilities with
which Allali created man and all things of Nature. For
example: He created everything for its Destiny (or its
Measure) (xxv. 2). In Sura 54, verse 9 (the words are): We
created everything according to a Measure or Destiny. In both
these verses Destiny impiies the inward reach of things, their
latent potentialities or possibilities. The idea of Destiny as
we find in the hadith that God wrote down the decrees
regarding the created world fifty thousand years before He
created the Heavens and the Earth does not in any way mean
that God created a block Universe, finished off and complete,
bound to the iron formulae of Nature. Here the idea behind
Taqdir is that the creation of this universe is not accidental
but something preplanned and pre−conceived and it was shaped
according to the Grand Design of the Greatest Designer. There
is no element of chance in the creation of this Universe.
Everything is well−set and well−planned. The idea that Allah
has a foreknowledge of everything that He created and the
events unfold themselves exactly according to it, does not
imply that human beings have been completely deprived of the
freedom of action. The foreknowledge of God is an acknowledged
fact, but it should not be interpreter in the sense of
predestination, for if we do so we shall have to conceive of
eternity as a storehouse of ready−made events, from which they
drop one by one like particles of sand in a glass hour. If we
take the foreknowledge to be a reflecting mirror we shall have
to deprive the Creator and the Controller of the Universe of
His Creative activity. Dr Muhammad Iqbal has shed a good deal
of light over this problem. He says:" Divine knowledge must be
conceived as a living creative activity to which the objects
that appear to exist in their own right are organically
related. By conceiving God's knowledge as a kind of reflecting
mirror, we no doubt save His fore−knowledge of future events,
but it is obvious that we do so at the expense of His freedom.
The future certainly pre−exists in the organic whole of God's
creative life, but it pre−exists as an open possibility, not
as a fixed order of events with definite outlines." We should
bear in mind that the idea of put, present and future is
something relative and is conceived by the inite wind of man.
It is. however, a great now in the eye of the All−Seeing God.
The whole expanse of eternity lies before Him in the shape of
now. Knowledge is, therefore, an act of creative activity and
not the mere reflection of it. When He decrees a thing it
happens and He knows it before it happens. God in Islam is
not, therefore, a prisoner of necenity. He is a free Creator.
The concept of predestination in Islam, therefore, does not in
any way mean helpless abandonment of oneself to otherwise
unwelcome fate. It means rather co−operation with God,
studying His will and bringing oneself into unison with His
Planning Will. Destiny as conceived by Islam is, thus, by no
stretch of imagination, fatal to the freedom of conduct and
unfoldment of one's inherent possibilities; it is a source of
inspiration and encouragement and opens up vast fields of
human activity. It is not a message of despondency and
despair, but a source of solace, comfort and inspiration and a
powerful means of evoking a sense of piety and humility and
self−surrender to the Will of God. It does not inculcate in
mind frustration and pessimism, making his life dark and
dreary, devoid of hope and promise for the future, but it
teaches him to put his heart and soul in the sublime work as
assigned to him by his Master.
Chapter 1: THE GROWTH OF A CHILD IN THE WOMB OF A MOTHER AND
HIS DESTINY IN REGARD TO HIS LIVELIHOOD, HIS DEEDS, BOTH GOOD
AND EVIL
Bk 33, Number 6390:
Abdullah (b. Mas'ud) reported that Allah's Messenger (may
peace be upon him) who is the most truthful (of the human
beings) and his being truthful (is a fact) said: Verily your
creation is on this wise. The constituents of one of you are
collected for forty days in his mother's womb in the form of
blood, after which it becomes a clot of blood in another
period of forty days. Then it becomes a lump of flesh and
forty days later Allah sends His angel to it with instructions
concerning four things, so the angel writes down his
livelihood, his death, his deeds, his fortune and misfortune.
By Him, besides Whom there is no god, that one amongst you
acts like the people deserving Paradise until between him and
Paradise there remains but the distance of a cubit, when
suddenly the writing of destiny overcomes him and he begins to
act like the denizens of Hell and thus enters Hell, and
another one acts in the way of the denizens of Hell, until
there remains between him and Hell a distance of a cubit that
the writing of destiny overcomes him and then he begins to act
like the people of Paradise and enters Paradise.
Bk 33, Number 6391:
This hadith has been reported on the authority of A'mash with
the same chain of transmitters and in the hadith transmitted
on the authority of Waki' (the words are):" The creation of
any one of you is like this that (semen) is collected in the
womb of the mother for forty nights," and in the hadith
transmitted on the authority of Shu'ba (the words are):" Forty
nights and forty days." And in the hadith transmitted on the
authority of Jarir and 'Isa (the words are):" Forty days."
Bk 33, Number 6392:
Hudhaifa b. Usaid reported directly from Allah's Messenger
(may peace be upon him) that lie said: When the drop of
(semen) remains in the womb for forty or fifty (days) or forty
nights, the angel comes and says: My Lord, will he be good or
evil? And both these things would be written. Then the angel
says: My Lord, would he be male or female? And both these
things are written. And his deeds and actions, his death, his
livelihood; these are also recorded. Then his document of
destiny is rolled and there is no, addition to and subtraction
from it.
Bk 33, Number 6393:
'Abdullah b. Mas'ud reported: Evil one is he who is evil in
the womb of his mother and the good one is he who takes lesson
from the (fate of) others. The narrator came to a person from
amongst the Companion of Allah's Me ssenger (may peace be upon
him) who was called Hudhaifa b. Usaid Ghifari and said: How
can a person be an evil one without (cornmittilng an evil)
deed? Thereupon the person said to him: You are surprised at
this, whereas I have heard Allah's Messenger (may peace be
upon him) as saving: When forty nights pass after the semen
gets into the womb, Allah sends the angel and gives him the
shape. Then he creates his sense of hearing, sense of sight,
his skin, his flesh, his bones, and then says: My Lord, would
he be male or female? And your Lord decides as He desires and
the angel then puts down that also and then says: My Lord,
what about his age? And your Lord decides as He likes it and
the angel puts it down. Then he says: My Lord, what about his
livelihood? And then the Lord decides as He likes and the
angel writes it down, and then the angel gets out with his
scroll of destiny in his hand and nothing is added to it and
nothing is subtracted from it.
Bk 33, Number 6394:
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of 'Abdullah b.
Mas'ud through another chain of transmitters.
Bk 33, Number 6395:
Abu Tufail reported: I visited Abu Sariha Hudhaifa b. Usaid
al−Ghifari who said: I listened with these two ears of mine
Allahs Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: The semen
stays in the womb for forty nights, then the angel, gives it a
shape. Zubair said: I think that he said: One who fashions
that and decides whether he would be male or female. Then he
(the angel) says: Would his limbs be full or imperfect? And
then the Lord makes thein full and perfect or otherwise as He
desires. Then he says: My Lord, what about his livelihood, and
his death and what about his disposition? And then the Lord
decides about his misfortune and fortune.
Bk 33, Number 6396:
Hadhaifa b. Usaid Ghifari, a Companion of Allah's Messenger
(may peace be upon him), reported it directly from Allah's
Messenger (may peace upon him). as he said: There is an angel
who looks after the womb when Allah decides to create any−
thing after more than forty nights are over; the rest of the
hadith is the same.
Bk 33, Number 6397:
Anas b. Malik reported directly from Allah's Messenger (may
peace be upon him) that he said: Allah, the Exlated and
Glorious, has appointed an angel as the caretaker of the womb,
and he would say: My Lord, it is now a drop of semen; my Lord,
It is now a clot of blood; my Lord, it has now become a lump
of flesh, and when Allah decides to give it a final shape, the
angel says: My Lord, would it be male or female or would he be
an evil or a good person? What about his livelihood and his
age? And it is all written as he is in the womb of his mother.
Bk 33, Number 6398:
All reported: We were in a funeral in the graveyard of Gharqad
that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) came to us and
we sat around him. He had a stick with him. He lowered his
head and began to scratch the earth with his stick, and then
raid: There is not one amongst you whom a scat in Paradise or
Hell has not been allotted and about whom it has not been
written down whether he would be an evil person or a blessed
person. A person said: Allah's Messenger, should we not then
depend npon our destiny and abandon our deeds? Thereupon he
said: Acts of everyone will be facilitated in, that which has
been created for him so that whoever belongs to the com. pany
of the blessed will have good works made easier for himand
whoever belongs to the unfortunate ones will have evil acts
made easier for him. He then recited this verse (from the
Qur'an):" Then, who gives to the needy and guardsagainst evil
and accepts the excellent (the truth of Islam and the path of
righteousness it prescribes), We shall make easy for him the
easy end and who is miserly and considers himself above need,
We shall make easy for him the dificult end". (XCii. 5−10).
Bk 33, Number 6399:
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Mansur with
the same chain of transmitters but with a slight variation of
wording.
Bk 33, Number 6400:
'Ali reported that one day Allah's Messenger (may peace be
upon him) was sitting with a wood in his hand and he was
scratching the ground. He raised his head and said: There is
not one amongst you who has not been allotted his seat in
Paradise or Hell. They said: Allah's Messenger. then, why
should we perform good deeds, why not depend upon our destiny?
Thereupon he said. No, do perform good deeds, for everyone is
facilitated in that for which he has been created; then he
recited this verse:" Then, who gives to the needy and guards
against evil and accepts the excellent (the truth of Islam and
the path of righteousness it prescribes), We shall make easy
for him the easy end..." (xcii. 5−10).
Bk 33, Number 6401:
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of 'Ali through
another chain of transmitters.
Bk 33, Number 6402:
Jabir reported that Suriqa b. Malik b. Ju'shuin came and said:
Allah's Messenger, explain our religion to us (in a way) as if
we have been created just now. Whosoever deeds we do today, is
it because of the fact that−the pens have dried (after
recording them) and the destitiles have began to operate or
these have effects in future? Thereupon he said: The pens have
dried tmd destinies have begun to operate. (Suraqa b. Malik)
said: If it Is so, then what is the use of doing good deeds?
Zuhair said: Then Abu Zubair said something but I could not
understand that and I said. What did he say? Thereupon he
said: Act, for everyone is facilitated what he intends to do.
Bk 33, Number 6403:
This hadith has been transmitted on the authority of Jabir b.
Abdullah with the same wording (and includes these words):"
Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: Every doer of
deed is facilitated in his action."
Bk 33, Number 6404:
'Imran b. Husain repotted that it was said to Allah's
Messenger (may peace be upon him): Has there been drawn a
distinction between the people of Paradise and the denizens of
hell? He said: Yes. It was again said: (If it is so), then
What is the use of doing good deeds? Thereupon he said:
Everyone is facilitated in what has been created for him.
Bk 33, Number 6405:
This hadith has been narrated through other chains of
transmiters with slight variations of wording.
Bk 33, Number 6406:
Abu al−Aswad reported that 'Imran b Husain asked him: What is
your view, what the people do today in the world, and strive
for, is it something decreed for them or preordained for them
or will their fate in the Hereafter be deterrained by the fact
that their Prophets brought them teaching which they did not
act upon? I said: Of course, it is something which is
predetermined for them and preordained for them. He (further)
said: Then, would it not be an injustice (to punish them)? I
felt greatly disturbed because of that, and said: Everything
is created by Allah and lies in His Power. He would not be
questioned as to what He does, but they would be questioned;
thereupon he said to me: May Allah have mercy upon you, I did
not mean to ask you but for testing your intelligence. Two men
of the tribe of Muzaina came to Allah's Messenger (may peace
be upon him) and said: Allah's Messenger, what is your opinion
that the people do in the world and strive for, is something
decreed for them; something preordained for them and will
their fate in the Hereafter be determined by the fact that
their Prophets brought them teachings which they did not act
upon. and thus they became deserving of punishment? Thereupon,
he said: Of course, it happens as it is decreed by Destiny and
preordained for them, and this view is confirmed by this verse
of the Book of Allah, the Exalted and Glorious:" Consider the
soul and Him Who made it perfect, then breathed into it its
sin and its piety" (xci. 8).
Bk 33, Number 6407:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (way peace be upon him)
as saying: Verily, a person performs deeds for a long time
like the deeds of the people of Paradise. Then his deeds are
terminated like the deeds of the people of Hell and, verily, a
person performs deeds like the denizens of Fire for a long
time, and then this deed of his is ultimately followed by the
deeds of the people of Paradise.
Bk 33, Number 6408:
Sahl b. Sa'd reported it from Allah's Messenger (may peace be
upon him) that a person performs deeds like the deeds of the
people of Paradise apparently before people and he would be
amongst the dwellers of Hell and a person acts apparently like
the people of Hell, but (in fact) he would be among the
dwellers of Paradise.
Chapter 2: THE EXCHANGE OF ARGUMENTS BETWEEN ADAM AND MOSES
(ALLAH BE PLEASED WITH BOTH OF THEM)
Bk 33, Number 6409:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (way peace be upon him)
as saying: There was argument between Adam and Moses. Moses
said to Adam: You are our father. You did us harm and caused
us to get out of Paradise. Adam said to him: You are Moses.
Allah selected you (for direct conversation with you) and
wrote with His own Hand the Book (Torah) for you. Despite this
you blame me for an act which Allah had ordained for me forty
years before He created me. Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon
him) said:. This is how Adam came the better of Moses and Adam
came the better of Moses.
Bk 33, Number 6410:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)
as saying: There was argument between Adam and Moses, and Adam
came the better of Moses. Moses said to him: You are the same
Adam who misled people, and caused them to get out of
Paradise. Adam said: You are the same (Moses) whom Allah
endowed the knowledge of everything and selected him amongst
the people as His Messenger. He said: Yes. Adam then again
said: Even then you blame me for an affair which had been
ordained for me before I was created.
Bk 33, Number 6411:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)
as saying: There was an argument between Adam and Moses (peace
be upon both of them) in the presence of their Lord. Adam came
the better of Moses. Moses said: Are you that Adam whom Allah
created with His Hand and breathed into himHis sprit, and
commanded angels to fall in prostration before him and He made
you live in Paradise with comfort and ease. Then you caused
the people to get down to the earth because of your lapse.
Adam said: Are you that Moses whom Allah selected for His
Messengership and for His conversation with him and conferred
upon you the tablets, in which everything was clearly
explained and granted you the audience in order to have
confidential talk with you. What is your opinion, how long
Torah would haye been written before I was created? Moses
said: Forty years before. Adam said: Did you not see these
words: Adam committed an error and he was enticed to (do so).
He (Moses) said: Yes. Whereupon, he (Adam) said: Do you then
blame me for an act which Allah had ordained for me forty
years before He created me? Allah's Messenger (may peace be
upon him) said: This is how Adam came the better of Moses.
Bk 33, Number 6412:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)
as saying: There was an argument between Adam and Moses. Moses
said: Are you that Adam whose lapse caused you to get out of
Paradise? Adam said to him: Are you that Moses whom Allah
selected for His Messengership, for His conversation and you
blame me for an affair which had been ordained for me before I
was created? This is how Adam came the better of Moses.
Bk 33, Number 6413:
Abu Huraira narrated a hadith like this through another chain
of transmitters.
Bk 33, Number 6414:
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira
through another chain of transmitters.
Bk 33, Number 6415:
Abu Huraira reported a hadith like this through another chain
of transmitters.
Bk 33, Number 6416:
Abdullah b. 'Amr b. al−'As reported: I heard Allah's Messenger
(may peace be upon him) as saying: Allah ordained the measures
(of quality) of the creation fifty thousand years before He
created the heavens and the earth, as His Throne was upon
water.
Bk 33, Number 6417:
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Abu Hani
with the same chain of transmitters, but there is no mention
of" His Throne was upon water."
Chapter 3: ALLAH TURNS THE HEARTS AS HE DESIRES
Bk 33, Number 6418:
Abdullah b. Amr b. al−'As reported that he heard Allah's
Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: Verily, the
hearts of all the sons of Adam are between the two fingers out
of the fingers of the Compassionate Lord as one heart. He
turns that to any (direction) He likes. Then Allahs Messenger
(may peace be upon him) said: 0 Allah, the Turner of the
hearts, turn our hearts to Thine obedience.
Chapter 4: THERE IS A MEASURE FOR EVERYTHING
Bk 33, Number 6419:
Tawus reported: I found some Companions of Allah's Messenger
(may peace be upon him) as saying: Everything is by measure.
And he further said: I heard Abdullah b. 'Umar as saying:
There is a neasure for everything−even for incapacity
and−capability.
Bk 33, Number 6420:
Abu Huraira reported that the polytheists of the Quraish came
to have an argument with Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon
him) in regard to Destiny and then this verse was revealed:"
On the day when they are dragged into the Fire upon their
faces, taste the touch of Fire. Surely, We have created
everything according to a measure" (liv. 48).
Chapter 5: THE MEASURE OF THE SON OF ADAM IN REGARD TO
ADULTERY, ETC.
Bk 33, Number 6421:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him)
as saying: Verily Allah has fixed the very portion of adultery
which a man will indulge in, and which he of necessity must
comrriit. The adultery of the eye is the lustful look, and the
adultery of the tongue is the licentious speech, the heart
desires and yearns, which the parts may or may not put into
effect.
Bk 33, Number 6422:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)
as saying. Allah fixed the very portion of adultery which a
man will indulge in. There would be no escape from it. The
adultery of the eye is the lustful look and the adultery of
the ears is listening to voluptuous (song or talk) and the
adultery of the tongue is licentious speech and the adultery
of the hand is the lustful grip (embrace) and the adultery of
the feet is to walk (to the place) where he intends to commit
adultery and the heart yearns and desires which he may or may
not put into effect.
Chapter 6: EVERYONE IS BORN ACCORDING TO HIS TRUE NATURE AND
THE COMMAND PERTAINING TO THE DEMISE OF THE CHILDREN OF THE
INFIDELS AND OF THE CHILDREN OF THE MUSLIMS
Bk 33, Number 6423:
There is none born but is created to his true nature (Islam).
It is his parents who make him a Jew or a Christian or a
Magian quite as beasts produce their young with their limbs
perfect. Do you see anything deficient in them? Then he quoted
the Qur'an., The nature made by Allah in which He has created
men there is no altering of Allah's creation; that is the
right religion" (xxx. 33)
Bk 33, Number 6424:
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Zuhri with
the same chain of transmitters and there is no mention of his
deficiency in limbs.
Bk 33, Number 6425:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)
as saying: No child is born but upon Fitra. He then said.
Recite: The nature made by Allah in which He created man,
there is no altering of Allah's nature; that is the right
religion."
Bk 33, Number 6426:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)
as saying: No babe is born but upon Fitra. It is his parents
who make him a Jew or a Christian or a Polytheist. A person
said: Allah's Messenger, what is your opinion if they were to
die before that (before reaching the age of adolescence when
they can distinguish between right and wrong)? He said: It is
Allah alone Who knows what they would be doing.
Bk 33, Number 6427:
It is reported on the authority of Abu Mu'awiya that (the Holy
Prophet) said: Every new−born babe is born on the millat (of
Islam and he) remains on this until his tongue is enabled to
express himself. This hadith has been narratted on the
authority of Abu Mu'awiya through another chain of
transmitters (and the words are):" Every child is born but on
this Fitra so long as he does not express himself with his
tongue."
Bk 33, Number 6428:
Abu Huraira reported from Allah's Messenger (may peace be upom
him) many ahadith and one amongst them is that he is reported
to have said: An infant is born according to his (true)
nature. It is his parents Who make him a Jew, a Christian,
just as a she−camel gives birth to its young ones. Do you find
any deficiency in their limbs? You cut their ears (i. e. after
birth). They (the Companions of the Holy Prophet) said: What
is your opinion about him who dies in infancy? Thereupon
Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) said: It is Allah
alone Who knows best what they would be doing.
Bk 33, Number 6429:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)
as saying: The mother of every person gives him birth
according to his true nature. It is subsequently his parents
who make him a Jew or a Christian or a Magian. Had his parents
been Muslim he would have also remained a Muslim. Every person
to whom his mother gives birth (has two aspects of his life) ;
when his mother gives birth Satan strikes him but it was not
the case with Mary and her son (Jesus Christ).
Bk 33, Number 6430:
Abu Huraira reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon
him) was asked about the children of the polytheists,
whereupon he said: It is Allah Who knows best what they would
be doing.
Bk 33, Number 6431:
This hadith has been transmitted on the authority of Shu'aib
and Ma'qil with a slight variation of wording.
Bk 33, Number 6432:
Abu Huraira reported that Allahs Messenger (way peace be upon
him) was asked about the children of the polytheists who die
young. Thereupon Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) said:
It is Allah Who knows what they would be doing.
Bk 33, Number 6433:
Ibn Abbas reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon
him) was asked about the children of the polytheists,
whereupon he said: It is Allah alone Who knows what they would
be doing according to their creation.
Bk 33, Number 6434:
Ubayy b. Ka'b reported that AUah's Messenger (may peace be
upon him) said: The young man whom Khadir killed was a
non−believer by his very nature and had he survived he would
have involved his parents in defiance and unbelief.
Bk 33, Number 6435:
'A'isha, the mother of the believers, reported that a child
died and I said: There is happiness for this child who is a
bird from amongst the birds of Paradise. Thereupon Allah's
Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: Don't you know that
Allah created the Paradise and He created the Hell and He
created the dwellers for this (Paradise) and the denizens for
this (Hell)?
Bk 33, Number 6436:
'A'isha, the mother of the believers, said that Allah's
Messenger (may peace be upon him) was called to lead the
funeral prayer of a child of the Ansar. I said: Allah's
Messenger, there is happiness for this child who is a bird
from the birds of Paradise for it committed no sin nor has he
reached the age when one can commit sin. He said: 'A'isha, per
adventure, it may be otherwise, because God created for
Paradise those who are fit for it while they were yet in their
father's loins and created for Hell those who are to go to
Hell. He created them for Hell while they were yet in their
father's loins.
Bk 33, Number 6437:
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Yahya with
the same chain of transmitters.
Chapter 7: THE SPAN OF LIFE AND LIVELIHOOD DOES NOT INCREASE
OR DECREASE BEYOND THAT WHAT IS LAID DOWN
Bk 33, Number 6438:
Abdullah reported that Umm Habiba, the wife of Allah's Apostle
(may peace be upon him), said: 0 Allah, enable me to derive
benefit from my husband, the Messenger of Allah (may peace be
upon him), and from my father Abu Sufyan and from my brother
Mu'awiya. Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) said: You
have asked from Allah about durations of life already set, and
the length of days already allotted and the sustenances the
share of which has been fixed. Allah would not do anything
earlier before its due time, or He would not delay anything
beyond its due time. And if you were to ask Allah to provide
you refuge from the torment of the HellFire, or from the
torment of the grave, it would have good in store for you and
better for you also. He (the narrator) further said: Mention
was made before him about monkeys, and Mis'ar (one of the
narrators) said: I think that (the narrator) also (made a
mention) of the swine, which had suffered metamorphosis.
Thereupon he (the Holy Prophet) said: Verily, Allah did not
cause the race of those which suffered metamorphosis to grow
or they were not survived by young ones. Monkeys and swine had
been in existence even before (the metamorphosis of the human
beings).
Bk 33, Number 6439:
This hadith has been reported on the authority of Mis'ar with
the same chain of transmitters but with this variation that
the hadith transmitted on the authority of Ibn Bishr and
Waki', the torment of the Hell−Fire and the torment of grave
have been mentioned together (and there is no conjunction" iw"
or" between them).
Bk 33, Number 6440:
Ibn Mas'dd reported that Umm Habiba said: 0 Allah, enable me
to derive benefit from my husband, Allah's Messenger (may
peace be upon him), and from my father Abu Sufyan, and from my
brother Mu'awiya. Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)
said to her: Verily, you have asked Allah about the durations
of life already set, and the steps which you would take, and
the sustenances the share of which is fixed. Nothing would
take place earlier than its due time, and nothing would be
deferred beyond that when it is due. So, if you were to ask
Allah about your safety from the torment of Hell−Fire and from
the torment of the grave, it would have been better for you. A
person said: Allah's Messenger, what about those apes and
swine which suffered metamorphosis? Thereupon Allah's Apostle
(may peace be upon him) said: Verily, Allah, the Exalted and
Glorious, did not destroy a people or did not torment a
people, and let their race grow. Apes and swine had been even
before that (when the deniers of truth were tormented and
suffered metamorphosis). This hadith has been narrated on the
authority of Sufyin through another chain of transmitters but
with a slight variation of wording.
Chapter 8: AFFAIR PERTAINING TO STRENGTH, AND SHEDDING OFF
WEAKNESS, AND SEEKING HELP FROM ALLAH AND TRUST IN THE
MEASURES SET BY ALLAH
Bk 33, Number: 6441
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)
as saying: A strong believer is better and is more lovable to
Allah than a weak believer, and there is good in everyone,
(but) cherish that which gives you benefit (in the Hereafter)
and seek help from Allah and do not lose heart, and if
anything (in the form of trouble) comes to you, don't say: If
I had not done that, it would not have happened so and so, but
say: Allah did that what He had ordained to do and your" if"
opens the (gate) for the Satan.
