Bk 43 Commentary (Kitab Al−Tafsir)
Chapter 1:....
Bk 43, Number 7151:
Hammim b. Munabbih reported: This is what Abu Huraira reported
to us from Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) and in
this connection he narrated some of the ahadith and Allah's
Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: It was said to people
of Israel: Enter this land saying Hitta (Remove Thou from us
the burden of our sins), whereupon We would forgive you your
sins, but they twisted (this statement) and entered the gate
dragging upon their breech and said: The" grain in the ear."
Bk 43, Number 7152:
Anas b. Malik reported that Allah, the Exalted and Glorious,
sent revelation to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)
just before his death in quick succession until he left for
his heavenly home, and the day when he died, he received the
revelation profusely.
Bk 43, Number 7153:
Tariq b. Shihab reported that a Jew said to'Umar: You recite a
verse which, if it had been revealed in relation to us, we
would have taken that day as the day of rejoicing. Thereupon
'Umar said: I know where it was revealed and on the day when
it was revealed and where Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon
him) had been at that time when it was revealed. It was
revealed on the day of 'Arafa (ninth of Dhu'l Hijjah) and
Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) had been staying in
'Arafat. Sufyan said: I doubt, whether it was Friday or not
(and the verse referred to) is this:" Today I have perfected
your religion for you and completed My favours upon you" (v.
4).
Bk 43, Number 7154:
Tariq b. Shihab reported that a Jew said to 'Umar: If this
verse were revealed in relation to the Jews (i. e." This day I
have perfected your religion for you and have completed My
favours for you and have chosen for you al−Islam as religion"
) we would have taken the day of rejoicing on which this verse
was revealed. Thereupon 'Umar said: I know the day on which it
was revealed and the hour when it was revealed and where
Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) had been when it was
revealed. It was revealed on the night of Friday and we were
in 'Arafat with Alleh's Messenger (may peace be upon him) at
that time.
Bk 43, Number 7155:
Tariq b. Shihab reported that a Jew came to 'Umar and said:
Commander of the Faithful, there is a verse in your Book,
which you recite. Had it been revealed in connection with the
Jews, we would have taken it as the day of rejoicing.
Thereupon he said: Which verse do you mean? He replied:" This
day I have perfected your religion for you and I have
completed My favours upon you and I have chosen al−Islam as
religion for you." Umar said, I know the day when it was
revealed and the place where it was revealed. It was revealed
to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) at 'Arafat on
Friday.
Bk 43, Number 7156:
'Urwa b. Zubair reported that he asked 'A'isha about the words
of Allah:" If you fear that you will not be able to maintain
equity amongst the orphan girls, then marry (those) you like
from amongst the women two, three or four." She said: O, the
son of my sister, the orphan girl is one who is under the
patronage of her guardian and she shares with him in his
property and her property and beauty fascinate him and her
guardian makes up his mind to marry her without giving her due
share of the wedding money and is not prepared (to pay so much
amount) which anyone else is prepared to pay and so Allah has
forbidden to marry these girls but in case when equity is
observed as regards the wedding money and they are prepared to
pay them the full amount of the wedding money and Allah
commanded to marry other women besides them according to the
liking of their heart. 'Urwa reported that 'A'isha said that
people began to seek verdict from Allah's Messenger (may peace
be upon him) after the revelation of this verse about them
(orphan girls) and Allah, the Exalted and Glorious, revealed
this verse:" They asked thee verdict about women; say: Allah
gives verdict to you in regard to them and what is recited to
you in the Book about orphan woman, whom you give not what is
ordained for them while you like to marry them" (iv. 126). She
said: The wording of Allah" what is recited to you" in the
Book means the first verse, i. e." if you fear that you may
not be able to observe equity in case of an orphan woman,
marry what you like in case of woman" (iv. 3). 'A'isha said:
(And as for this verse [iv. 126], i. e. and you intend" to
marry one of them from amongst the orphan girls" it pertains
to one who is in charge (of orphans) having small amount of
wealth and less beauty and they have been forbidden that they
should marry what they like of her wealth and beauty out of
the orphan girls, but with equity, because of their disliking
for them.
Bk 43, Number 7157:
'Urwa reported that he asked 'A'isha about the words of
Allah:" If you fear that you will not be able to observe
equity in case of orphan girls" ; the rest of the hadith is
the same but with a slight variation of wording.
Bk 43, Number 7158:
'A'isha said that as for the words of Allah:" If you fear that
you would not be able to observe equity in case of orphan
girls)," it was revealed in reference to a person who had an
orphan girl (as his ward) and he was her guardian, and her
heir, and she possessed property, but there was none to
contend on her behalf except her ownself. And he (her
guardian) did not give her in marriage because of her property
and he tortured her and ill−treated her, it was in relation to
her that (Allah said: )" If you fear that you would not be
able to observe equity in case of orphan girls, then marry
whom you like among women," i. e. whatever I have made lawful
for you and leave her whom you are putting to torture.
Bk 43, Number 7159:
'A'isha said in connection with His words (those of Allah):"
What is recited to you in the Book about orphan women whom you
give not what is ordained for them, while you like to marry
them," these were revealed in connection with an orphan girl
who was in the charge of the person and she shared with him in
his property and he was reluctant to marry her himself and was
also unwilling to marry her to someone else (fearing) that
(that person) would share in his property (as the husband of
that girl), preventing her to marry, neither marrying her
himself nor marrying her to another person.
Bk 43, Number 7160:
Hisham reported that 'A'isha said in connection with the words
of Allah:" They ask thee the religious verdict about women,
say: Allah gives you the verdict about them" (iv. 126), that
these relate to an orphan girl who is in charge of the person
and she shares with him in his property (as a heir) even in
the date−palm trees and he is reluctant to give her hand in
marriage to any other person lest he (her husband) should
partake of his property, and thus keep her in a lingering
state.
Bk 43, Number 7161:
Hisham reported on the authority of his father that 'A'isha
said in connection with His (Allah's) words:" And whoever is
poor let him take reasonably (out of it)" that it was revealed
in connection with the custodian of the property of an orphan,
who is in charge of her and looks after her; In case he is
poor, he is allowed to eat out of that.
Bk 43, Number 7162:
'A'isha reported in connection with the words of Allah, the
Exalted:" He who is rich should abstain, and he who is poor
may reasonably eat (out of it)" that this was revealed in
relation to the guardian of an orphan who is poor; he may get
out of that what is reasonable keeping in view his own status
of solvency.
Bk 43, Number 7163:
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Hisham with
the same chain of transmitters.
Bk 43, Number 7164:
'A'isha reported that these words of Allah:" When they came
upon you from above you and from below you and when the eyes
turned dull and the hearts rose up to the throats" (xxxiii.
10) pertain to the day of Ditch.
Bk 43, Number 7165:
'A'isha said in connection with the verse:" And if a woman has
reason to fear ill−treatment from her husband or that he might
turn away from her" (iv. 128) that it was revealed in case of
a woman who had long association with a person (as his wife)
and now he intends to divorce her and she says: Do not divorce
me, but retain me (as wife in your house) and you are
permitted to live with another wife. It is in this context
that this verse was revealed.
Bk 43, Number 7166:
'A'isha said in connection with these words of Allah, the
Exalted and Glorious:" And if a woman has reason to fear
ill−treatment from her husband or that he might turn away from
her" that it was revealed in case of a woman who lived with a
person and perhaps he does not want to prolong (his
relationship with her) whereas she has had sexual relationship
with him (and as a result thereof) she got a child from him
and she does not like that she should be divorced, so she says
to him: I permit you to live with the other wife.
Bk 43, Number 7167:
'Urwa reported on the authority of his father that 'A'isha
said to him: O, the son of my sister, the Muslims were
commanded to seek forgiveness for the Companions of Allah's
Apostle (may peace be upon him) but they reviled him.
Bk 43, Number 7168:
This hadith has been transmitted on the authority of Abu Usama
with the same chain of narrators.
Bk 43, Number 7169:
Sa'id b. Jubair reported: The inhabitants of Kufa differed in
regard to this verse:" But whoever slays another believer
intentionally, his requital shall be Hell" (iv. 92), so I went
to Ibn 'Abbas and asked him about it, whereupon he said: This
has been revealed and nothing abrogated it.
Bk 43, Number 7170:
This hadith has been transmitted on the authority of Shu'ba
with the same chain of narrators but with a slight variation
of wording.
Bk 43, Number 7171:
Sa'id b. Jubair reported: 'Abd al Rahman b. Abzi commanded me
that I should ask Ibn 'Abbas about these two verses:" He who
slays a believer intentionally his requital shall be Hell
where he would abide for ever" (iv. 92). So, I asked him and
he said: Nothing has abrogated it. And as for this verse:" And
they who call not upon another god with Allah and slay not the
soul which Allah has forbidden, except in the cause of
justice" (xxv. 68), he (Ibn Abbas) said: This has been
revealed in regard to the polytheists."
Bk 43, Number 7172:
Ibn 'Abbas said: This verse was revealed in Mecca:" And they
who call not upon another god with Allah and slay not the soul
which Allah has forbidden except in the cause of justice" up
to the word Muhdana (abased). Thereupon the polytheists said:
Islam is of no avail to us for we have made peer with Allah
and we killed the soul which Allah had forbidden to do and we
committed debauchery, and it was (on this occasion) that
Allah, the Exalted and Glorious, revealed this verse:" Except
him who repents and believes and does good deeds" up to the
end Ibn 'Abbis says: He who enters the fold of Islam and
understands its command and then kills the soul there is no
repentance for him.
Bk 43, Number 7173:
Sa'id b. Jubair reported: I said to Ibn Abbas: Will the
repentance of that person be accepted who kills a believer
intentionally? He said: No. I recited to him this verse of
Sura al−Furqan (xix.):" And those who call not upon another
god with Allah and slay not the soul which Allah has forbidden
except in the cause of justice" to the end of the verse. He
said: This is a Meccan verse which has been abrogated by a
verse revealed at Medina:" He who slays a believer
intentionally, for him is the requital of Hell−Fire where he
would abide for ever," and in the narration of Ibn Hisham (the
words are): I recited to him this verse of Sura al−Furqan:"
Except one who made repentance."
Bk 43, Number 7174:
Ubaidullah b. 'Abdullah b. 'Utba reported: Ibn Abbas said to
me: Do you know−and in the words of Harun (another narrator):
Are you aware of−the last Sura which was revealed in the
Qur'an as a whole? I said: Yes," When came the help from Allah
and the victory" (cx.). Thereupon, he said: You have told the
truth. And in the narration of Abu Shaiba (the words are): Do
you know the Sura? And he did not mention the words" the last
one".
Bk 43, Number 7175:
This hadith has been reported on the authority of Abu 'Umais
through the same chain of transmitters but with a slight
variation of wording.
Bk 43, Number 7176:
Ibn Abbas reported that some Muslims met a person with a small
flock of sheep. He said: As−Salam−o−'Alaikum. They caught hold
of him and killed him and took possession of his flock. Then
this verse was revealed:" He who meets you and extends you
salutations, don't say: You are not a Muslim" (iv. 94). Ibn
'Abbas, however, recited the word as−Salam instead of"
as−Salam".
Bk 43, Number 7177:
Bara' reported: When the Ansar performed the Pilgrimage, they
did not enter their houses but from behind. A person from the
Ansar came and he began to enter from his door but it was said
to him (why he was doing something in contravention to the
common practice of coming to the houses from behind). Then
this verse was revealed." Piety is not that you come to the
doors from behind" (ii. 189).
Chapter 2: PERTAINING TO THE VERSE: 'HAS NOT THE TIME YET COME
FOR THE BELIEVERS THAT THEIR HEARTS SHOULD BE HUMBLE FOR THE
REMEMBRANCE OF ALLAH?" (lvii. 16)
Bk 43, Number 7178:
Ibn Mas'ud said: Since our acceptance of Islam and the
revelation of this verse in which Allah has shown annoyance to
us:" Has not the time yet come for the believers that their
hearts should be humble for the remembrance of Allah?" (lvii.
16), there was a gap of four years.
Chapter 3: PERTAINING TO THE WORDS OF ALLAH:" ADORN YOURSELF
AT EVERY PLACE OF WORSHIP" (vii. 31)
Bk 43, Number 7179:
Ibn Abbas reported: During the pre−Islamic days women
circumambulated the Ka'ba nakedly, and said: Who would provide
cloth to cover the one who is circumambulating the Ka'ba so
that she would cover her private parts? And then she would
say: Today will be exposed the whole or the part and what is
exposed I shall not make it lawful. It was in this connection
that the verse was revealed:" Adorn yourself at every place of
worship" (vii. 31).
Chapter 4: COMPEL NOT YOUR SLAVE−GIRLS TO PROSTITUTION
Bk 43, Number 7180:
Jabir reported that 'Abdullah b. Ubayy b. Salul used to say to
his slave−girl: Go and fetch something for us by committing
prostitution. It was in this connection that Allah, the
Exalted and Glorious, revealed this verse:" And compel not
your slave−girls to prostitution when they desire to keep
chaste in order to seek the frail goods of this world's life,
and whoever compels them, then surely after their compulsion
Allah is Forgiving, Merciful" (xxiv. 33).
Bk 43, Number 7181:
Jabir reported that 'Abdullah b. Ubayy b. Salul had two
slave−girls; one was called Musaika and the other one was
called Umaima and he compelled them to prostitution (for
which'Abdullah b. Ubayy b. Salul compelled them). They made a
complaint about this to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon
him) and it was upon this that this verse was revealed:" And
compel not your slave−girls to prostitute" up to the words:"
Allah is Forgiving, Merciful."
Chapter 5: PERTAINING TO THE WORDS OF ALLAH:" THOSE WHOM THEY
CALL UPON, THEMSELVES SEEK THE MEANS OF ACCESS TO THEIR LORD"
(xvii. 57)
Bk 43, Number 7182:
Abdullah b. Mas'ud reported in connection with the words of
Allah, the Exalted and Glorious:" Those to whom they call
upon, themselves seek the means or access to their Lord as to
whoever of them becomes nearest" (xvii. 57) that it related to
a party of Jinn who were being worshipped and they embraced
Islam but those who worshipped them kept on worshipping them
(though the Jinn whom the misguided people worshipped had
become Muslims). It was then that this verse was revealed.
Bk 43, Number 7183:
Abdullah b. Mas'ud reported in connection with the verse:"
Those whom they call upon, themselves seek the means of access
to their Lord," that it related to a group of people who
worshipped a party amongst the Jinn. The group from amongst
the Jinn embraced Islam, but the people kept worshipping them
as they did before, and it was (on this occasion) that the
verse was revealed:" Those whom they call upon, themselves
seek the means of access to their Lord." This hadith has been
narrated on the authority of Sulaimin with the same chain of
transmitters.
Bk 43, Number 7184:
Abdullah b. Mas'ud said in connection with the verse:" Those
whom they call upon, themselves seek the means of access to
their Lord," that that verse was revealed in connection with a
party of Arabs who used to worship a group amnogst the jinn;
the jinn embraced Islam but the people kept worshipping them
without being conscious of it. Then this verse was revealed:"
Those whom they call upon, themselves seek the means of access
to their Lord."
Chapter 6: PERTAINING TO SURAS TAUBA, AL−ANFAL AND HASHR
Bk 43, Number 7185:
Sa'id b. Jubair reported: I said to Ibn 'Abbas about Sura
Tauba, whereupon he said: As for Sura Tauba, it is meant to
humiliate (the non−believers and the hypocrites). There is
constantly revealed in it (the pronoun) minhum (of them) and
minhom (of them, i. e. such is the condition of some of them)
till they (the Muslims) thought that none would be left
unmentioned out of them who would not be blamed (for one fault
or the other). I again said: What about Sura Anfal? He said:
It pertains to the Battle of Badr. I again asked him about
Sura al−Hashr. He said: It was revealed in connection with
(the tribe) of Banu Nadir.
Chapter 7: PERTAINING TO THE PROHIBITION OF WINE
Bk 43, Number 7186:
Ibn 'Umar reported that Umar delivered a sermon on the pulpit
of Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) and he praised
Allah and lauded Him and then said: Now coming to the point.
Behold I when the command pertaining to the prohibition of
wine was revealed, it was prepared from five things: from
wheat, barley, date, grape, honey; and wine is that which
clouds the intellect; and O people, I wish Allah's Messenger
(may peace be upon him) could have explained to us in (more)
detail the laws pertaining to the inheritance of the
grandfather, about one who dies leaving no issue, and some of
the problems pertaining to interest.
Bk 43, Number 7187:
Ibn 'Umar reported: I heard 'Umar b. Khattab delivering sermon
on the pulpit ol Allah's messenger (may peace be upon him) and
saying': Now, coming to the point, O people, there was
revealed (the command pertaining to the prohibition of wine)
and it was prepared (at that time) out of five things: grape,
date, honey, wheat, barley, and wine is that which clouds the
intellect, and, O people, I wish Allah's Messenger (may peace
be upon him) had explained to us in greater detail three
things: the inheritance of the grandfather, of one who dies
without leaving any issue, and some of the problems of
interest.
Bk 43, Number 7188:
This hadith has been transmitted on the same authority but
with a slight variation of wording.
Chapter 8: PERTAINING TO THE VERSE:" THESE TWO ADVERSARIES WHO
DISPUTE ABOUT THEIR LORD" (xxii. 19)
Bk 43, Number 7189:
Abu Dharr took an oath that this verse:" These two adversaries
who dispute about their Lord" (xxii. 19) was revealed in
connection with those who on the Day of Badr came out (of rows
to fight against the non−believers and they were) Hamza, 'Ali,
'Ubaida b. Harith (from the side of the Muslims) and 'Utba and
Shaiba, both of them the sons of Rabi'a and Walid b. 'Utba
(from the side of the non−believers of Mecca).
Bk 43, Number 7190:
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Abu Dharr
through another chain of transmitters.
