Divorce: Kitab Al-Talaq

Bk 9 Divorce (Kitab Al−Talaq)

INTRODUCTION

The Arabic word for divorce is talaq which means" freeing or

undoing the knot" (Imam Raghib). In the terminology of the

jurists. Talaq signifies the dissolution of marriage, or the

annulment of its legality by the pronouncement of certain

words. Divorce is of three kinds: the Ahsan, or most laudable,

the Hasan, or laudable, and the Bid'a or irregular. Talaq

Ahsan or the most laudable divorce is where the husband

repudiates his wife by making one pronouncement within the

term of Tahr (purity. when the woman is not passing through

the period of menses) during which he has not had sexual

intercourse with her, and she is left to observe her 'Idda.

Talaq Hasan or laudable divorce is where a husband repudiates

an enjoyed wife by three sentences of divorce, in three Tuhrs

Talaq Bid'a or irregular divorce is where a husband repudiates

his wife by three divorces at once. According to the majority

of the jurists, the Talaq holds good, but it is against the

spirit of the Shari'ah, and, therefore, the man who follows

this course in divorce is an offender in the eye of Islamic

Law. The right of woman in demanding the dissolution of

marriage is known as Khula' (meaning, literally, the putting

off or taking off a thing). It is a kind of facility provided

to the wife in securing Talaq from her husband by returning a

part or full amount of the bridal gift. We have described

before that, according to Islam, marriage is a civil contract;

yet the rights and responsibilities consequent upon it are of

such importance to the welfare of humanity that a high degree

of sanctity is attached to it. But, in spite of the sacredness

of the character of the marriage tie, Islam recognises the

eternity of divorce in cases when marital relations are

poisoned to a degree which makes a peaceful home life

impossible. But Islam does not believe in unlimited

opportunities for divorce on frivolous and flimsy grounds,

because any undue increase in tht facilities for divorce would

destroy the stability of family life. Therefore, while

allowing divorce even on genuine grounds, Islam has taken

great care to introduce checks designed to limit the use of

available facilities. The French legists Planiol and Ripert

have explicitly emphasised Islam's point of view in regard to

divorce in these words:" Divorce is a mischief. However, it is

a measure that cannot be avoided for the welfare of the

community, because it is the only remedy for another harm

which may be wore dangerous The prohibition of divorce,

whatever harm it may imply, is like the prohibition of

surgery, because the surgeon is compelled to amputate some of

the limbs of the patient's body. However, there is no danger

whatsoever, in legislating for divorce (in accordance with the

practice established by Islam) since it is not divorce that

spoils married life and dissolves its sacred tie, but the

misunderstanding that arises between the married couple and

hinders the strengthening of this (union by marriage) and

demolished it. Divorce alone puts an end to the hatred that

may occur between the husband and his wife before it is

aggravated and becomes an intolerable mischief to society"

(quoted by Hasan Ibrihim Hasan, Islam, Religious, Political.

Social and Economic Study, p. 274).

Chapter 1: IT IS FORBIDDEN TO DIVORCE THE WOMAN DURING HER

MENSES

Bk 9, Number 3473:

Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported that he

divorced his wife while she was menstruating during the

lifetime of Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him). 'Umar

b. Khattib (Allah be pleased with him) asked Allah's Messenger

(may peace be upon him) about it, whereupon Allah's Messenger

(may peace be upon him) said: Command him ('Abdullah b. 'Umar)

to take her back (and keep her) and pronounce divorce when she

is purified and she again enters the period of menstruation

and she is again purified (after passing the period of

menses), and then if he so desires he may keep her and if he

desires divorce her (finally) before touching her (without

having an intercourse with her), for that is the period of

waiting ('ldda) which God, the Exalted and Glorious, has

commanded for the divorce of women.

Bk 9, Number 3474:

Abdullah (b. 'Umar) reported that he divorced a wife of his

with the pronouncement of one divorce during the period of

menstruation. Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)

commanded him to take her back and keep her until she was

purified, and then she entered the period of menses in his

(house) for the second time. And he should wait until she was

purified of her menses. And then if he would decide to divorce

her, he should do so when she was purified before having a

sexual intercourse with her; for that was the 'Idda which

Allah had commanded for the divorce of women. Ibn Rumh in his

narration made this addition: When 'Abdullah was asked about

it, he said to one of them: If you have divorced your wife

with one pronouncement or two (then you can take her back),

for Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) commanded me to

do it; but if you have divorced her with three pronouncements,

then she is forbidden for you until she married another

husband, and you disobeyed Allah in regard to the divorce of

your wife what He had commanded you. (Muslim said: The word"

one divorce" used by Laith is good.)

Bk 9, Number 3475:

Ibn Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported: I divorced my

wife during the lifetime of Allah's Messenger (may peace be

upon him) when she was in the state of menses. 'Umar (Allah be

pleased with him) made a mention of it to Allah's Messenger

(may peace be upon him), whereupon he said: Command him to

take her back and leave her (in that state) until she is

purified. Then (let her) enter the period of second menses,

and when she is purified, then divorce her (finally) before

having a sexual intercourse with her, or retain her (finally).

That is the 'Idda (the prescribed period) which Allah

commanded (to be kept in view) while divorcing the women.

'Ubaidullah reported: I said to Nafi': What became of that

divorce (pronounced within 'Idda)? He said: It was as one

which she counted.

Bk 9, Number 3476:

A hadith like this has been narrated on the authority of

'Ubaidullah, but he made no mention of the words of Ubaidullah

that he said to Nafi'.

Bk 9, Number 3477:

Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported that he

divorced his wife during the period of menses. 'Umar (Allah

be, pleas'ed with him) asked Allah's Apostle (may peace be

upon him), and he commanded him ('Abdullah b. 'Umar) to have

her back and then allow her respite until she enters the

period of the second menses, and then allow her respite until

she is purified, then divorce her (finally) before touching

her (having a sexual intercourse with her), for that is the

prescribed period which Allah commanded (to be kept in view)

for divorcing the women. When Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with

them) was asked about the person who divorces his wife in the

state of menses, he said: If you pronounced one divorce or

two, Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) had commanded

him to take her back, and then allow her respite until she

enters the period of the second menses, and then allow her

respite until she is purified, and then divorce her (finally)

before touching her (having a sexual intercourse with her) ;

and if you have pronounced (three divorces at one and the same

time) you have in fact disobeyed your Lord with regard to what

He commanded you about divorcing your wife. But she is however

(finally separated from you).

Bk 9, Number 3478:

Abdullah b. 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported: I

divorced my wife while she was in the state of menses. 'Umar

(Allah be pleased with him) made mention of it to Allah's

Apostle (may peace be upon him) and he was enraged and he

said: Command him to take her back until she enters the second

ensuing menses other than the one in which he divorced her and

in case he deems proper to divorce her, he should pronounce

divorce (finally) before touching her (in the period) when she

is purified of her menses, and that is the prescribed period

in regard to divorce as Allah has commanded. 'Abdullah made a

pronouncement of one divorce and it was counted in case of

divorce. 'Abdullah took her back as Allah's Messenger (may

peace be upon him) had commanded him. A hadith like this was

reported on the authority of Zuhri with the same chain of

narrators. Ibn Umar (Allah be pleased with them), however,

said: I took her back, and counted this pronouncement of

divorce (as valid) with which I divorced her.

Bk 9, Number 3479:

Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported that he

divorced his wife while she was in the state of menses. 'Umar

(Allah be pleased with him) made mention of it to Allah's

Apostle (may peace be upon him) and he said: Command him to

take her back, then divorce her when she is pure or she is

pregnant.

Bk 9, Number 3480:

Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported that he

divorced his wife while she was in her menses. 'Umar (Allah be

pleased with him) asked Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon

him) about that, and he said: Command him to take her back

until she is pure and then she enters the second menses and

then becomes pure. Then either divorce her (finally) or retain

her.

Bk 9, Number 3481:

Ibn Sirin reported: One who was blameless (as a narrator)

narrated to me for twenty years that Ibn 'Umar (Allah be

pleased with him) pronounced three divorces to his wife while

she was in the state of menses. He was commanded to take her

back. I neither blamed them (the narrators) nor recognised the

hadith (to be perfectly genuine) until I met Abu Ghallab Yunus

b. Jubair al−Bahili and he was very authentic, and he narrated

to me that he had asked Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with

there) and he narrated it to him that he made one

pronouncement of divorce to his wife as she was in the state

of menses, but he was commanded to take her back. I said: Was

it counted (as one pronouncement)? He said: Why not, was I

helpless or foolish?

Bk 9, Number 3482:

A hadith like this has been transmitted on the authority of

Ayyub with a slight variation of words.

Bk 9, Number 3483:

Ayyub reported a hadith like this with the same chain of

narrators and he said: Umar (Allah be pleased with him) asked

Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) about it and he

commanded him that he should take her back until she is

divorced in the state of purity without having a sexual

intercourse with her, and said: Divorce her in the beginning

of her 'Idda or her 'Idda commences.

Bk 9, Number 3484:

Yunus b. Jubair reported: I said to Ibn'Umar (Allah be pleased

with them): A person divorcedhis wife while she was in the

state of menses, whereupon he said: Do you know 'Abdullah b.

Umar (Allah be pleased with them), for he divorced his wife in

the state of menses. 'Umar (Allah be pleased with him) came to

Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) and asked him, and he

(the Holy Prophet) commanded him that he should take her back,

and she started her 'Idda. I said to him: When a person

divorces his wife, and she is in the state of menses, should

that pronouncement of divorce be counted? He said: Why not,

was he hopless or foolish?

Bk 9, Number 3485:

Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported: I divorced my

wife while she was in the state of menses. 'Umar (Allah he

pleased wish him) came toAllah's Apostle (may peace be upon

him) and made mention of that to him, whereupon Allah's

Apostle (may peace be upon him) told that be should take her

back, and when she is pure he may divorce her. if he would so

wish. I (one of the narrators) said to Ibn 'Umar (Allah be

pleased with them): Did you count (this pronouncement of

divorce) in her case? He said: What (after all) prevents him

from doing so? Do you find him (Ibn Umar) either helpless or

foolish?

Bk 9, Number 3486:

Anas b. Sirin reported: I asked Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased

with them) about the woman whom he had divorced. He said: I

divorced her while she was in the state of menses. It was

mentioned to 'Umar (Allah be pleased with him) and he then

made a mention of that to Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon

him), whereupon he said: Command him to take her back and when

the period of menses is over, then (he may divorce her in the

state of her purity. He (Ibn Umar) said: So I took her back,

then divorced her in her purity. I (the narrator) said: Did

you count that divorce which you pronounced in the state of

menses? He said: Why should I not have counted that? Was I

helpless or foolish?

Bk 9, Number 3487:

Anas b. Sirin reported that he had heard Ibn 'Umar (Allah be

pleased with them) as saying. I divorced my wife while she was

in the state of menses. 'Umar (Allah be pleased with him) came

to Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) and informed him

about it, whereupon he (Allah's Apostle) said: Command him to

take her back and when she is pure, then divorce her. I said

to Ibn 'Umar Allah be pleased with them): Did you count that

pronouncement of divorce? He said: Why not? This hadith has

been narrated on the authority of Shu'ba with the same chain

of transmitters but with a slight variation in wording.

Bk 9, Number 3488:

Ibn Tawus narrated on the authority of his father that Ibn

'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) was asked about the person

who divorced his wife in the state of menses, whereupon he

said: Do you know 'Abdullah b. Umar? He said: Yes. He said: It

was he who divorced his wife jn the state of menses and 'Umar

went to Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) and gave him

this information. and he commanded him that he should take her

back; and he (Abu Tawus) said: I did not hear any addition to

this (hadith) from my father.

Bk 9, Number 3489:

Abu Zubair reported that he heard 'Abd al−Rahman b. Aiman (the

freed slave of 'Azza) say that he asked Ibn 'Umar (Allah be

pleased with them) and Abu Zubair heard: What is your opinion

about the person who divorced his wife in the state of menses?

Thereupon he said: Ibn Umar (Allah be pleased with them)

divorced his wife during the lifetime of Allah's Messenger

(may peace be upon him) while she was in the state of menses.

Upon this Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) told him

to take her back and so he took her back and he (further)

said: When she is pure, then either divorce her or retain her.

Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) said that Allah's

Apostle (may peace be upon him) then recited this verse:" O

Apostle, when you divorce women, divorce them at the

commencement of their prescribed period" (Ixv 1).

Bk 9, Number 3490:

A hadith like this is reported on the same authority (but with

this difference that the narrator) 'Abd al−Rahman b. Aiman

(was mentioned) as the freed slave of 'Urwa (Imam Muslim said:

He made a mistake who said that it was 'Urwa; it was in fact

the freed slave of 'Azza.)

Chapter 2: PRONOUNCEMENT OF THREE DIVORCES

Bk 9, Number 3491:

Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) reported that the

(pronouncement) of three divorces during the lifetime of

Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) and that of Abu Bakr

and two years of the caliphate of Umar (Allah be pleased with

him) (was treated) as one. But Umar b. Khattab (Allah be

pleased with him) said: Verily the people have begun to hasten

in the matter in which they are required to observe respite.

So if we had imposed this upon them, and he imposed it upon

them.

Bk 9, Number 3492:

Abu Sahba' said toIbn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with them): Do

you know that three (divorces) were treated as one during the

lifetime of Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him), and that

of Abu Bakr, and during three (years) of the caliphate of Umar

(Allah be pleased with him)? Ibn Abbas (Allah be pleased with

them) said: Yes.

Bk 9, Number 3493:

Abu al−Sahba' said to Ibn 'Abbas: Enlighten us with your

information whether the three divorces (pronounced at one and

the same time) were not treated as one during the lifetime of

Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) and Abu Bakr. He

said: It was in fact so, but when during the caliphate of

'Umar (Allah be pleased with him) people began to pronounce

divorce frequently, he allowed them to do so (to treat

pronouncements of three divorces in a single breath as one).

Chapter 3: ATONEMENT IS ESSENTIAL FOR ONE WHO MADE HIS WIFE

UNLAWFUL FOR HIMSELF WITHOUT THE INTENTION OF DIVORCE

Bk 9, Number 3494:

Ibn Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) reported about

(declaring of one's woman) unlawful as an oath which must be

atoned, and Ibn 'Abbas said: Verily, there is in the Messenger

of Allah (may peace be upon him) a model pattern for you.

Bk 9, Number 3495:

Ibn Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) reported: When a man

declares his wife unlawful for himself that is an oath which

must be atoned, and he said: There is in the Messenger of

Allah (may peace be upon him) a noble pattern for you.

Bk 9, Number 3496:

'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) narrated that Allah's

Apostle (may peace be upon him) used to spend time with Zainab

daughter of Jahsh and drank honey at her house. She ('A'isha

further) said: I and Hafsa agreed that one whom Allah's

Apostle (may peace be upon him) would visit first should say:

I notice that you have an odour of the Maghafir (gum of

mimosa). He (the Holy Prophet) visited one of them and she

said to him like this, whereupon he said: I have taken honey

in the house of Zainab bint Jabsh and I will never do it

again. It was at this (that the following verse was revealed):

'Why do you hold to be forbidden what Allah has made lawful

for you... (up to). If you both ('A'isha and Hafsa) turn to

Allah" up to:" And when the Holy Prophet confided an

information to one of his wives" (lxvi. 3). This refers to his

saying: But I have taken honey.

Bk 9, Number 3497:

'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported Allah's Messenger

(may peace be upon him) liked sweet (dish) and honey. After

saying the afternoon prayer he used to visit his wives going

close to them. So he went to Hafsa and stayed with her more

than what was his usual stay. I ('A'isha) asked about that. It

was said to me: A woman of her family had sent her a small

vessel of honey as a gift, and she gave to Allah's Messenger

(may peace be upon him) from that a drink. I said: By Allah,

we would also contrive a device for him. I mentioned that to

Sauda, and said: When he (Allah's Apostle) would visit you and

draw close to you, say to him: Allah's Messenger, have you

taken maghafir? And he would'say to you: No. Then say to him:

What is this odour? And Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon

him) felt it very much that unpleasant odour should emit from

him. So he would say to you: Hafsa has given me a drink of

honey. Then you should say to him: The honey−bees might have

sucked 'Urfut, and I would also say the same to him and.

Safiyya, you should also say this. So when he (the Holy

Prophet) came to Sauda, she said: By Him besides whom there is

no god, it was under compulsion that I had decided to state

that which you told me when he would be at a little distance

at the door. So when Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)

came near, she said: Messenger of Allah, did you eat Maghafir?

He said: No. She (again) said: Then what is this odour? He

said: Hafsa gave me honey to drink. She said: The honey−bee

might have sucked 'Urfut. When he came to me I told him like

this. He then visited Safiyya and she also said to him like

this. When he (again) visited Hafsa, she said: Messenger of

Allah, should I not give you that (drink)? He said: I do not

need that. Sauda said: Hallowed be Allah, by Him we have

(contrived) to make that (honey) unlawful for him. I said to

her: Keep quiet. This hadith has been narrated on the

authority of 'Urwa with the same chain of transmitters.

Chapter 4: MERE GIVING OF OPTION OF DIVORCE TO WOMEN DOES NOT

MAKE THE DIVORCE EFFECTIVE, BUT WHEN IT IS REALLY INTENDED

Bk 9, Number 3498:

'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: When the

Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) was commanded to

give option to his wives, he started it from me saying: I am

going to mention to you a matter which you should not (decide)

in haste until you have consulted your parents. She said that

he already knew that my parents would never allow me to seek

separation from him She said: Then he said: Allah, the Exalted

and Glorious, said: Prophet, say to thy wives: If you desire

this world's life and its adornment, then come, I will give

you a provision and allow you to depart a goodly departing;

and if you desire Allah and His Messenger and the abode of the

Hereafter, then Allah has prepared for the doers of good among

you a great reward She is reported to have said: About what

should I consult my parents, for I desire Allah and His

Messenger and the abode of the Hereafter? She ('A'isha) said:

Then all the wives of Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon

him) did as I had done.

Bk 9, Number 3499:

'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported that Allah's

Messenger (may peace be upon him) sought our permission when

he had a (turn to spend) a day with (one of his wives) amongst

us (whereas he wanted to visit his other wives too). It was

after this that this verse was revealed:" Thou mayest put off

whom thou pleasest of them, and take for thee whom thou

pleasest" (xxxiii. 5). Mu'adha said to her: What did you say

to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) when he sought

your permission? She said: I used to say: If it had the option

in this I would not have (allowed anyone) to have precedence

over me.

Bk 9, Number 3500:

'A'isha reported: Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)

gave us the option (to get divorce) but we did not deem it as

divorce.

Bk 9, Number 3501:

Masruq reported: I do not mind if I give option to my wife (to

get divorce) once, hundred times, or thousand times after

(knowing it) that she has chosen me (and would never seek

divorce). I asked 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) (about

it) and she said: Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)

gave us the option, but did it imply divorce? (It was in fact

not a divorce; it is effective when women actually avail

themselves of it.)

Bk 9, Number 3502:

'A'isha reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon

him) gave option to his wives, but it was not a divorce.

Bk 9, Number 3503:

'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: Allah's

Messenger (may peace be upon him) gave us the option (to get

divorce) and we chose him and he did not count it a divorce.

Bk 9, Number 3504:

'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: Allah's

Messeinger (may peace be upon him) gave us the option (to get

divorce), but me made a choice of him and he did not count

anything (as divorce) in regard to us.

Bk 9, Number 3505:

A hadith like this has been transmitted on the authority of

'A'isha through another chain of narrators.

Bk 9, Number 3506:

Jabir b. 'Abdullah (Allah be pleased with them) reported: Abu

Bakr (Allah be pleased with him) came and sought permission to

see Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him). He found people

sitting at his door and none amongst them had been granted

permission, but it was granted to Abu Bakr and he went in.

Then came 'Umar and he sought permission and it was granted to

him, and he found Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him)

sitting sad and silent with his wives around him. He (Hadrat

'Umar) said: I would say something which would make the Holy

Prophet (may peace be upon him) laugh, so he said: Messenger

of Allah, I wish you had seen (the treatment meted out to) the

daughter ofKhadija when you asked me some money, and I got up

and slapped her on her neck. Allah's Messenger (mav peace be

upon him) laughed and said: They are around me as you see,

asking for extra money. Abu Bakr (Allah be pleased with him)

then got up went to 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) and

slapped her on the neck, and 'Umar stood up before Hafsa and

slapped her saying: You ask Allah's Messenger (may peace be

upon him) which he does not possess. They said: By Allah, we

do not ask Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) for

anything he does not possess. Then he withdrew from them for a

month or for twenty−nine days. Then this verse was revealed to

him:" Prophet: Say to thy wives... for a mighty reward"

(xxxiii. 28). He then went first to 'A'isha (Allah be pleased

with her) and said: I want to propound something to you,

'A'isha, but wish no hasty reply before you consult your

parents. She said: Messenger of Allah, what is that? He (the

Holy Prophet) recited to her the verse, whereupon she said: Is

it about you that I should consult my parents, Messenger of

Allah? Nay, I choose Allah, His Messenger, and the Last Abode;

but I ask you not to tell any of your wives what I have said

He replied: Not one of them will ask me without my informing

her. God did not send me to be harsh, or cause harm, but He

has sent me to teach and make things easy.

Chapter 5: ILA'AND KEEPING AWAY FROM THE WIVES

Bk 9, Number 3507:

'Umar b. al−Khattab (Allah be pleased with him) reported: When

Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) kept himself away from

his wives, I entered the mosque, and found people striking the

ground with pebblesand saying: Allah's Messenger (may peace be

upon him) has divorced his wives, and that was before they

were commanded to observe seclusion 'Umar said to himself: I

must find this (actual position) today. So I went to 'A'isha

(Allah be pleased with her) and said (to her): Daughter of Abu

Bakr, have you gone to the extent of giving trouble to Allah's

Messenger (may peace be upon him)? Thereupon she said: Son of

Khattab, you have nothing to do with me, and I have nothing to

do with you. You should look to your own receptacle. He

('Umar) said: I visited Hafsa daughter of 'Umar, and said to

her: Hafsa, the (news) has reached me that you cause Allah's

Messenger (may peace be upon him) trouble. You know that

Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) does not love you,

and had I not been (your father) he would have divorced you.

(On hearing this) she wept bitterly. I said to her: Where is

Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)? Shesaid: He is in

the attic room. I went in and found Rabah, the servant of

Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him), sitting on the

thresholds of the window dangling his feet on the hollow wood

of the date−palm with the help of which Allah's Messenger (may

peace be upon him) climbed (to the apartment) and came down. I

cried: 0 Rabah, seek permission for me from Allah's Messenger

(way peace be upon him). Rabah cast a glance at the apartment

and then looked toward me but said nothing. I again said:

Rabah, seek permission for me from Allah's Messenger (may

peace be upon him). Rabah looked towards the apartment and

then cast a glance at me, but said nothig. I then raised my

voice and said: 0 Rabah, seek permission for me from Allah's

Messenger (may peace be upon him). I think that Allah's

Messenger (may peace be upon him) is under the impression that

I have come for the sake of Hafsa. By Allah, if Allah's

Messenger (may peace be upon him) would command me to strike

her neck, I would certainly strike her neck. I raised my voice

and he pointed me to climb up (and get into his apartment). I

visited Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him), and he was

lying on a mat. I sat down and he drew up his lower garment

over him and he had nothing (else) over him, and that the mat

had left its marks on his sides. I looked with my eyes in the

store room of Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him). I

found only a handful of barley equal to one sa' and an equal

quantity of the leaves of Mimosa Flava placed in the nook of

the cell, and a semi−tanned leather bag hanging (in one side),

and I was moved to tears (on seeing this extremely austere

living of the Holy Piophet), and he said: Ibn Khattab, what

wakes you weep? I said: Apostle of Allah, why should I not

shed tears? This mat has left its marks on your sides and I do

not see in your store room (except these few things) that I

have seen; Ceasar and Closroes are leading their lives in

plenty whereas you are Allah's Messenger. His chosen one, and

that is your store! He said: Ibn Khattab, aren't you satisfied

that for us (there should be the prosperity) of the Hereafter,

and for them (there should be the prosperity of) this world? I

said: Yes. And as I had entered I had seen the signs of anger

on his face, and I therefore, said: Messenger of Allah, what

trouble do you feel from your wives, and if youhave divorced

them, verily Allah is with you, His angels, Gabriel, Mika'il,

I and Abu Bakr and the believers are with you. And seldom I

talked and (which I uttered on that day) I hoped that Allah

would testify to my words that I uttered. And so the verse of

option (Ayat al−Takhyir) was revealed. Maybe his Lord, if he

divorce you, will give him in your place wives better than

you..." (Ixv. 5). And if you back up one another against him,

then surely Allah is his Patron, and Gabriel and the righteous

believers, and the angels after that are the aidera (lvi. 4).

And it was 'A'isha, daughter of Abu Bakr, and Hafsa who had

prevailed upon all the wives of Allah's Prophet (way peace be

upon him) for (pressing them for mote money). I said:

Messenger of Allah, have you divorced them? He said: No. I

said: Messenger of Allah, I entered the mosque and found the

Muslims playing with pebbles (absorbed in thought) and saying:

Allah's Messenger has divorced his wives. Should I get down

and inform there that you have not divorced them? He said:

Yes, if you so like. And I went on talking to him until I

(found) the signs of anger disappeared on his face and (his

seriousness was changed to a happy mood and as a result

thereof) his face had the natural tranquillity upon it and he

laughed and his teeth were the most charming (among the teeth)

of all people. Then Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him)

climbed down and I also climbed down and catching hold of the

wood of the palm−tree and Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon

him) came down (with such ease) as if he was walking on the

ground, not touching anything with his hand (to get support).

I said: Messenger of Allah, you remained in your apartment for

twenty−nine days. He said: (At times) the month consists of

twenty−nine days. I stood at the door of the mosque and I

called out at the top of my voice: The Messenger of Allah (may

peace be upon him) has not divorced his wives (and it was on

this occasion that this) verse was revealed:" And if any

matter pertaining to peace or alarm comes within their ken,

they broadcast it; whereas, if they would refer it to the

Apostle and those who have been entrusted with authority

amongst them, those of them who are engaged in obtaining

intelligence would indeed know (what to do with) it" (iv 83).

And it was I who understood this matter, and Allah revealed

the verse pertaining to option (given to the Holy Prophet (may

peace be upon him in regard to the retaining or divorcing of

his wives).

Bk 9, Number 3508:

Abdullah b. Abbas (Allah be pleased with tlicm) reported: I

intended to ask 'Umar b. al−Khattab (Allah be pleased with

him) about a verse, but I waited for one year to ask him out

of his fear, until he went out for Pilgrimage and I also

accompanied him. As he came back and we were on the way he

stepped aside towards an Arak tree to ease himself. I waited

for him until he was free. I then walked along with him and

said: Commander of the Faithful, who are the two among the

wives of Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) who backed

up one another (in their demand for extra money)? He said:

They were Hafsa and 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with them). I

said to him: It is for one year that I intended to ask you

about this matter but I could not date so on account of the

awe for you. He said: Don't do that. If you think that I have

any knowledge, do ask me about that. And if I were to know

that, I would inform you. He (the narrator) stated that 'Umar

had said: By Allah, during the days of ignorance we had no

regard for women until Allah the Exalt− ed revealed about them

what He has revealed, and appointed (turn) for them what he

appointed. He said: It so happened that I was thinking about

some matter that my wife said: I wish you had done that and

that. I said to her: It does not concern you and you should

not feel disturbed in a matter which I intend to do. She said

to me: How strange is it that you, O son of Khattab, do not

like anyone to retort upon you, whereas your daughter retorts

upon Allah's Messenger (may peace be upou him) until he spends

the day in vexation. 'Umar said: I took hold of my cloak, then

came out of my house until I visited Hafsa and said to her: O

daughter, (I heard) that you retort upon Allah's Messenger

(may peace be upon him) until he spends the day in vexation,

whereupon Hafsa said: By Allah, we do retort upon him. I said:

You should bear in mind, my daughter, that I warn you against

the punishment of Allah and the wrath of His Messenger (may

peace be upon him). You may not be misled by one whose beauty

has fascinated her, and the love of Allah's Messenger (may

peace be upon him) for her. I ('Umar) then visited Umm Salama

because of my relationship with her and I talked to her. Umm

Salama said to me: Umar b. al−Khattab, how strange is it that

you meddle with every matter so much so that you are anxious

to interfere between Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)

and his wives, and this perturbed me so much that I refrained

from saying what I had to say, so I came out of her apartment,

and I had a friend from the Anar. When I had been absent (from

the company of the Holy Prophet) he used to bring me the news

and when he had been absent I used to bring him the news, and

at that time we dreaded a king of Ghassan. It was mentioned to

us that he intended to attack us, and our minds were haunted

by him. My friend, the Ansari, came to me, and he knocked at

the door and said: Open it, open it. I said: Has the Ghassani

come? He said: (The matter is) more serious than that. The

Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) has separated

himself from his wives. I said: Let the nose of Hafsa and

'A'isha be besmeared with dust. I then took hold of my cloth

and went out until I came and found Allah's Messenger (may

peace be upon him) in his attic to which he climbed by means

of a ladder made of date−palm, and the servant of Allah's

Messenger (may peace be upon him) who was black had been

sitting at the end of the ladder. I said: This is Umar. So

permission was granted to me. I narrated this news to Allah's

Messenger (may peace be upon him) and as I narrated the news

concerning Umm Salama, Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon

him) smiled. He was lying on the mat and there was nothing

between him and that (mat), and under his head there was a

pillow made of leather and it was stuffed with plam fibres and

at his feet were lying a heap of sant tree (acacia niloctica,

meant for dyeing) and near his head there was hanging a hide.

And I saw the marks of the maton the side of Allah's Messenger

(may peace be upon him), and so I wept. He said: What makes

you weep? I said: Messenger of Allah, the Khusrau and the

Ceasars (spendd their lives in) the midst of (luxuries),

whereas you being Allah's Messenger (are leading your life in

this poverty). Thereupon Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon

him) said: Don't you like that they should have riches of

their world, and you have the Hereafter.

Bk 9, Number 3509:

Ibn Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) said: I came along with

Umar until we reached Marr al−Zahran (the name of a place),

and the rest of the hadith is the same as narrated by Sulaiman

b. Bilal (except with) the variation (of words) that I said:

(What) about these two women? He said: They were Hafsa and Umm

Salama. And he made this addition: I came to the apartments

and in every apartment there was (the noise) of weeping. And

this addition was also made: And he (the Holy Prophet) had

taken an oath of remaining away from them for a month, and

when twenty−nine days had passed, he visited them.

Bk 9, Number 3510:

Ibn Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) is reported to have

said: I intended to ask Umar about those two ladies who had

pressed for (worldly riches) during the lifetime of the Holy

Prophet (may peace be upon him), and I kept waiting for one

year, but found no suitable opportunity with him until I

happened to accompany him to Mecca. And as he reached Marr al

Zahran he went away to answer the call of nature, and he said

(to me): Bring me a jug of water, and I took that to him.

After having answered the call of nature, as he came back, I

began to pour water (over his hands and feet), and I

remembered (this event of separation of Allah's Apostle [may

peace be upon him] from his wives). So I said to him:

Commander of the Faithful, who are the two ladies (who had

pressed the Holy Prophet [may peace be upon him] for providing

comforts of life) and I had not yet finished my talk when he

said: They were 'A'isha and Hafsa.

Bk 9, Number 3511:

Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) reported. I had always

been anxious to ask 'Umar (Allah be pleased with him) about

the two ladies amongst the wives of Allah's Prophet (may peace

be upon Lim) about whom Allah, the Exalted, said:" If you both

turn in repentance to Allah, then indeed your hearts are

inclined (to this)" (Ixvi. 4), until 'Umar (Allah be pleased

with him) set out for Hajj and I also went along with him. And

as we were going along a path, 'Umar (Allah be pleased with

hiyn) went aside and I also went aside with him with a jug (of

water). He answered the call of nature, and then came to me

and I poured water over his hands and he performed ablution I

said: Commander of the Faithful, who are the two ladies

amongst the wives of Allah's Prophet (may peace be upon him)

about whom Allah, the Exalted and Majestic, said: 'If you both

turn to Allah in repentance, then indeed your heart are

inclined to it"? 'Umar (Allah he pleased with him) said: How

strange is it for you, Ibn 'Abbas! (Zuhri said: By Allah, he

disliked what he asked about, but did not keep it a secret.)

He ('Umar) said: They are Hafsa and 'A'isha; and he then began

to narrate the hadith and said: We were such people among the

Quraish who dominated women, and as we reached Medina we found

there people who were dominated by their women, and our women

began to learn (the habits) of their women. He further said:

And my house was situated in the suburb of Aledina in the

tribe of Banu Umayya b. Zaid. One day I became angry with my

wife and she retorted upon me. I did not like that she should

retort upon me. She said: You disapprove of my retorting upon

you By Allah, the wives of Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon

him) retort upon him, and one of them detaches herself from

him for the day until the night. So I ('Umar) went out and

visited Hafsa and said: Do you retort upon Allah's Messenger

(may peace be upon him)? She said: Yes. I said; Does any one

of you detach herself from him from the day to the night? She

said: Yes. He said: She who did like it amongst you in fact

failed and incurred loss. Does everyone amongst you not fear

the wrath of Allah upon her due to the wrath of His Messenger

(may peace be upon him), and (as a result thereof) she may

perish? So do not retort upon Allah's Messenger (may peace be

upon him) and do not ask him for anything, but ask me that

which you desire, (and the frank behaviour) of your companion

may not mislead you, if she is more graceful and is dearer to

Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) than you (meaning

'A'isha) (Allah be pleased with her). He (Hadrat 'Umar

further) said: I had a compalaion from the Ansar and, we used

to remain in the company of the Messenger (may peace be upon

him) turn by turn. He remained there for a day while I

remained there on the other day, and he brought me the news

about the revelation and other (matter), and I brought him

(the news) like this. And we discussed that the Ghassanids

were shoeing the horses in order to attack us. Id y companion

once attended (the Apostle). and then came to me at night and

knocked at my door and called me, and I came out to him, and

he said: A matter of great importance has happened. I said:

What is that? Have the Ghassanids come? He said: No, but even

more serious and more significant than that: the Holy Prophet

(may peace be upon him) has divorced his wives. I said: Hafsa

has failed and has incurred loss. and I feared that it would

happen. When it was dawn I observed the dawn prayer and

dressed myself, and then came there (in the house of the Holy

Prophet) and visited Hafsa, and she was weeping. I said: Has

Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) divorced you (all)?

She said: I do not know. He has, however, separated himself in

his attic. I came to a black servant and said to him: Seek

permission for 'Umar. He went in and then came to me and said:

I made mention of you to him, but he kept quiet. I then went

to the pulpit and sat there, and there was a group of people

sitting by it and some of then were weeping. I sat there for

some time, until I was overpowered (by that very idea) which

was in my mind. I then came back to the boy and said to him:

Seek permission for Umar. He went in and came to me and said:

I made mention of you to him but he kept quiet. I was about to

turn back when the boy called me and said: Go in; permission

has been granted to you. I went in and greeted Allah's

Messenger (may peace be upon him) and he was reclining against

the couch of mat and it had left its marks upon his side. I

said: Messenger of Allah, have you divorced your wives? He

raised his head towards me and said: No. I said: Allah is the

Greatest. Messenger of Allah, I wish if you had seen how we

the people of Quraish had domination over women but when we

came to Medina we found people whom their women dominated. So

our women began to learn from their women. One dily I became

angry with my wife and she began to retort upon me. I did not

approve that she should retort upon me. She said: You do not

like that I should retort upon you, but, by Allah. the wives

of Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) retort upon him and

any one of them separates herself from him for a day until

night. I said: He who did that amongst them in fact failed and

incurred loss. Does any of them feel sate from the wrath of

Allahupon her due to the wrath of Allah's Messenger (may peace

be upon him), and she has certainly perished. Allah's

Messtnger (may peace be upon him) smiled, I said: Messenger of

Allah, I visited Hafsa and said: (The behaviour) of your

companion ('A'isha) may not mislead you, If she is more

graceful than you and is dearer to Allah's Messenger (may

peace be upon him) than you. Allah's Messenger (may peace be

upon him) smiled for the second time. I said: Allah's

Messenger, way I talk to you about agreeable things? He said:

Yes. I sat down and lifted my head (to see things) in the

house and, by Allah, I did not see anything significant

besides three hides. I said: Messenger of Allah, supplicate

the Lord that He should make (life) prosperous for your Ummah

as He has made plentiful for the people of Persia and Rome (in

spite of the fact) that they do no, worship Allah, the Exalted

and Majestic, whereupon he (Allah's Messenger) sat up an I

then said: Ibn Khattab, do you doubt that they are a nation

whom their nice things have been given immediately in the life

of this world. I said: Allah's Messenger! seek pardon for me.

And he (Allah's Messenger) had taken an oath that he would not

visit them for a month due to extreme annoyance with them

until Allah showed His displeasure to him (Allah's Messenger).

Zuhri said: 'Urwa informed me that 'A'Isha (Allah be pleased

with her) said: When twenty−nine nights were over, Allah's

Messenger (may peace be upon him) visited me, and he began

(his visit) with me. I said: Messenger of Allah, you had taken

an oath that you would not visit us for a month, while you

have visited after I have counted only twenty−nine (nights).

Thereupon he said: The month may also be of twenty−nine

(days). He then said: 'A'isha, I am going to talk to you about

a matter, and you should not be hasty in it (and do not give

your final decision) until you have consulted your parents. He

then recited this verse to me:" O Prophet, say to your wives"

till he reached" mighty reward" (xxxiii. 28). 'A'isha (Allah

be pleased with her) said: By Allah, he knew that my parents

would not allow me to separate from him. I said: Is there any

need to consult my parents in this matter? I in fact choose

Allah and His Messenger (may peace be upon him) and the abode

in the Hereafter. Ma'mar said: Ayyub reported to me that

'A'isha said: Don't inform your wives that I have chosen you,

whereupon Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) said: Verily

Allah has sent me as a conveyer of message, and He has not

sent me as a source of hardship (to others). Qatada said:"

Saghat qulubukum" means" Your hearts have inclined."

Chapter 6: THERE IS NO MAINTENANCE ALLOWANCE FOR ONE WHO HAS

BEEN GIVEN IRREVOCABLE DIVORCE

Bk 9, Number 3512:

Fatima bint Qais reported that Abu 'Amr b. Hafs divorced her

absolutely when he was away from home, and he sent his agent

to her with some barley. She was displeased with him and when

he said: I swear by Allah that you have no claim on us. she

went to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) and

mentioned that to him. He said: There is no maintenance due to

you from him, and he commanded her to spend the 'Idda in the

house of Umm Sharik, but then said: That is a woman whom my

companions visit. So better spend this period in the house of

Ibn Umm Maktum, for he is a blind man and yon can put off your

garments. And when the 'Idda is over, inform me. She said:

When my period of 'Idda was over, I mentioned to him that

Mu'awiya b. Abu Sufyan and Jahm had sent proposal of marriage

to me, whereupon Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)

said: As for Abu Jahm, he does not put down his staff from his

shoulder, and as for Mu'awiya, he is a poor man having no

property; marry Usama b. Zaid. I objected to him, but he again

said: Marry Usama; so I married him. Allah blessed there in

and I was envied (by others).

Bk 9, Number 3513:

Fatima bint Qais reported that her husband divorced her during

the life time of Allah's Prophet (may peace be upon him) and

gave her a meagre maintenance allowance. When she saw that,

she said: By Allah, I will inform Allah's Messenger (may peace

be upon him), and if maintenance allowance is due to me then I

will accept that which will suffice me, and if it is not due

to me, I will not accept anything from him. She said: I made a

mention of that to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)

and he said: There is neither maintenance allowance for you

nor lodging.

Bk 9, Number 3514:

Fatima bint Qais reported that her husband al−Makhzulmi

divorced her and refused to pay her maintenance allowance. So

she came to Allah's Messenger (may peace he upon him) and

informed him, whereupon he said: There is no maintenance

allowance for you, and you better go to the house of Ibn Umm

Maktum and live with him for he is a blind man and you can put

off your clothes in his house (i. e. you shall not face much

difficulty in observing purdah there).

Bk 9, Number 3515:

Abu Salama reported that Fatima bint Qais, the sister of

al−Dahhak b. Qais informed him that Abu Hafs b. Mughira

al−Makhzumi divorced her three times and then he proceeded on

to the Yemen. The members of his family said to her: There is

no maintenance allowance due to you from us. Khalid b. Walid

along with a group of persons visited Allah's Messenger (may

peace be upon him) in the house of Maimuna and they said: Abu

Hafs has divorced his wife with three pronouncements; is there

any maintenance allowance due to her? Thereupon Allah's

Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: No maintenance

allowance is due to her, but she is required to spend the

'Idda; and he sent her the message that she should not be

hasty in making a decision about herself and commanded her to

move to the house of Umm Sharik, and then sent her the message

that as the first immigrants (frequently) visit the house of

Umm Sharik, she should better go to the house of Ibn Umm

Maktum, the blind, (and further said: In case you put off your

head−dress, he (Ibn Umm Makhtum) will not see you. So she went

to his house, and when the 'Idda was over, Allah's Messenger

(may peace be upon him) married her to Usama b. Zaid b.

Haritha.

Bk 9, Number 3516:

Fatima bint Qais reported: I had been married to a person from

Banu Makhzum and he divorced me with irrevocable divorce. I

sent a message to his family asking for maintenance allowance,

and the rest of the hadith has been transmitted with a slight

change of words.

Bk 9, Number 3517:

Fatima bint Qais (Allah be pleased with her) reported that she

had been married to Abu 'Amr b. Hafs b. al−Mughira and he

divorced her with three pronouncements. She stated that she

went to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) asking him

about abandoning that house. He commanded her to move to the

house of Ibn Umm Maktum, the blind. Marwan refused to testify

the divorced woman abandoning her house (before the 'Idda was

over). 'Urwa said that 'A'isha objected to (the words of)

Fatima bint Qais. This hadith has been transmitted through

another chain of narrators.

Bk 9, Number 3518:

'Ubaidullah b. 'Abdullah b. 'Utba reported that 'Amr b. Hafs

b. al−Mughira set out along with 'Ali b. Abi Talib (Allah be

pleased with him) to the Yemen and sent to his wife the one

pronouncement of divorce which was still left from the

(irrevocable) divorce; and he commanded al−Harith b. Hisham

and 'Ayyash b. Abu Rabi'a to give her maintenance allowance.

They said to her: By Allah, there is no maintenance allowance

for you, except in case you are pregnant. She came to Allah's

Apostle (may peace he upon him) and mentioned their opinion to

him, whereupon he said: There is no maintenance allowance for

you. Then she sought permission to move (to another place),

and he (the Holy Prophet) permitted her. She said: Allah's

Messenger, where (should I go)? He said: To the house of Ibn

Umm Maktum and, as he is blind, she could put off her garmeqts

in his presence and he would not see her. And when her 'Idda

was over. Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) married her

to Usama b. Zaid. Marwan (the governor of Medina) sent Qabisa

b. Dhuwaib in order to ask her about this hadith, and she

narrated it to him, whereupon Marwan said: We have not heard

this hadith but from a woman. We would adopt a safe (path)

where we found the people. Fatima said that when these words

of, Marwan were conveyed to her. There is between me and you

the word of Allah, the Exalted and Majestic: Do" not turn them

out" of their houses. She asserted: This is in regard to the

revocable divorce what new (turn can the event take) after

three pronouncements (separation between irrevocable). Why do

you say there is no maintenance allowance for her if she is

not pregnant? Then on what ground do you restrain her?

Bk 9, Number 3519:

Sha'bi reported: I visited Fatima bint Qais and asked her

about the verdict of Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)

about (board and lodging during the 'Idda) and she said that

her husband divorced her with an irrevocable divorce. She

(further. said): I contended with him before Allah's Messerger

(may peace be upon him) about lodging and maintenance

allowance, and she said: He did not provide me with any

lodging or maintenance allowance, and he commanded me to spend

the 'Idda in the house of Ibn Umm Maktum.

Bk 9, Number 3520:

A hadith like this has been trarismitted on the authority of

Hushaim through another chain of narrators.

Bk 9, Number 3521:

Sha'bi reported: We visited Fitima hint Qais and she served us

fresh dates and a drink of barley flour, and I asked where

should a woman who has been divorced by three pronouncements,

spend the period of her 'Idda. She said: My husband divorced

me with three pronouncements, and Allah's Apostle (may peace

be upon him) permitted me to spend my 'Idda period in my

family (with my parents).

Bk 9, Number 3522:

Fatima bint Qais (Allah be pleased with her) reported from

Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) that there is no

lodging and maintenance allowance for a woman who has been

given irrevocable divorce.

Bk 9, Number 3523:

Fatima bint Qais (Allah be pleased with her) reported: My

husband divorced me with three pronouncements. I decided to

move (from his house to another place). So I came to Allah's

Messenger (may peace be upon him), and he said: Move to the

house of your cousin 'Amr b. Umm Maktum and spend your period

of 'Idda there.

Bk 9, Number 3524:

Abu Ishaq reported: I was with al−Aswad b. Yazid sitting in

the great mosque, and there was with us al−Sha'bi, and he

narrated the narration of Fatima bint Qais (Allah be pleased

with her) that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) did

not make any provision for lodging and maintenance allowance

for her. Al−Aswad caught hold of some pebbles in his fist and

he threw them towards him saying: Woe be to thee, you narrate

like it, whereas Umar said: We cannot abandon the Book of

Allah and the Sunnah of our Apostle (may peace be upon him)

for the words of a woman. We do not know whether she remembers

that or she forgets. For her, there is a provision of lodging

and maintenance allowance. Allah, the Exalted and Majestic,

said:" Turn them not from their houses nor should they

themselves go forth unless they commit an open indecency"

(lxv. 1).

Bk 9, Number 3525:

A hadith like this has been narrated on the authority of Ishaq

with the same chain of transmitters.

Bk 9, Number 3526:

Fatima bint Qais (Allah be pleased with her) reported that her

husband divorced her with three, pronouncements and Allah's

Messenger (may peace be upon him) made no provision for her

lodging and maintenance allowance. She (further said): Allah's

Messenger (may peace be upon him) said to me: When your period

of 'Idda is over, inform me. So I informed him. (By that time)

Mu'awiya, Abu Jahm and Usama b. Zaid had given her the

proposal of marriage. Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon

him) said: So far as Mu'awiya is concerned, he is a poor man

without any property. So far as Abu Jahm is concerned, he is a

great beater of women, but Usama b. Zaid... She pointed with

her hand (that she did not approve of the idea of marrying)

Usama. But Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon himn) said:

Obedience to Allah and obedience to His Messenger is better

for thee. She said: So I married him, and I became an object

of envy.

Bk 9, Number 3527:

Fatima bint Qais (Allah be pleased with her) reported: My

husband Abu 'Amr b. Hafs b. al−Mughira sent 'Ayyish b. Abu

Rabi'a to me with a divorce, and he also sent through him five

si's of dates and five si's of barley. I said: Is there no

maintenance allowance for me but only this, and I cannot even

spend my 'Idda period in your house? He said: No. She said: I

dressed myself and came to Allah's Messenger (may peace be

upon him). He said: How many pronouncements of divorce have

been made for you? I said: Three. He said what he ('Ayyish b.

Abu Rabi'a) had stated was true. There is no maintenance

allowance for you. Spend 'Idda period in the house of your

cousin, Ibn Umm Maktum. He is blind and you can put off your

garment in his presence. And when you have spent your Idda

period, you inform me. She said: Mu'awiya and Abu'l−Jahm

(Allah be pleased with them) were among those who had given me

the proposal of marriage. Thereupon Allah's Apostle (may peace

be upon him) said: Mu'awiya is destitute and in poor condition

and Abu'l−Jahm is very harsh with women (or he beats women, or

like that), you should take Usama b. Zaid (as your husband).

Bk 9, Number 3528:

Abu Bakr b. Abu'l−Jahm reported: I and Abu Salama b 'Abd

al−Rahman came to fatima bint Qais (Al! ah be pleased with

her) and asked her (about divorce, etc.). She said: I was the

wife of Abu 'Amr b. Hafs b. al−Mughira, and he set out to join

the battle of Najran. The rest of the hadith is the same, but

he made this addition:" She said: I married him and Allah

hornoured me on account of Ibn Zaid and Allah favoured me

because of him."

Bk 9, Number 3529:

Abu Bakr reported: I and Abu Salama came to Fatima bint Qais

(Allah be pleased with her) during the time of Ibn Zubair

(Allah be pleased with him) and she narrated to us that her

husband gave her an irrevocable divorce. (The rest of the

hadith is the same.)

Bk 9, Number 3530:

Fatima bint Qais (Allah be pleased with her) reported: My

husband divorced me with three pronouncements and Allah's

Messenger (may peace be upon him) made no provision for

lodging and maintenance allowance.

Bk 9, Number 3531:

Hisham reported on the authority of his father that Yahya b.

Sa'id b. al−'As married the daughter of 'Abd al−Rahman b.

al−Hakam, and he divorced her and he turned her out from his

house. 'Urwa (Allah be −pleased with him) criticised this

(action) of theirs (the members of the family of her in−laws).

They said: Verily, Fatima too went out (of her in−laws'

house). 'Urwa said: I came to 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with

her) and told her about it and she said: There is no good for

Fatima bint Qais (Allah be pleased with her) in making mention

of it.

Bk 9, Number 3532:

Fatima bint Qais (Allah be pleased with her) reported that she

said: Allah's Messenger, my husband has divorcee me with three

pronouncements and I am afraid that I may be put to hardship,

and so he commanded her and so she moved (to another house).

Bk 9, Number 3533:

'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) said: It is no good for

Fatima to make mention of it, i. e. her statement:" There is

no lodging and maintenance allowance (for the divorced

women)."

Bk 9, Number 3534:

Ibn al−Qasim narrated on the authority of his father that

'Urwa b. Zubair (Allah be pleased with him) said to 'A'isha

(Allah be pleased with her): Didn't you see that such and such

daughter of al−Hakam was divorced by her husband with an

irrevocable divorce, and she left (the house of her husband)?

Thereupon 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) said: It was bad

that she did. He ( Urwa) said: Have you not heard the words of

Fatima? Thereupon she said: There if no good for her in making

mention of it.

Chapter 7: ONE WHO IS DIVORCED BY THREE PRONOUNCEMENTS OR

WHOSE HUSBAND HAS DIED CAN GET OUT OF HER HOUSE FOR A NEED

DURING HER PERIOD OF 'IDDA

Bk 9, Number 3535:

Jabir b. 'Abdullah (Allah be pleased with them) reported: My

maternal aunt was divorced, and she intended to pluck her

dates. A person scolded her for having come out (during the

period of 'Idda). She came to Allah's Prophet (may peace be

upon him.) and he said: Certainly you can pluck (dates) from

your palm trees, for perhaps you may give charity or do an act

of kindness.

Chapter 8: THE PERIOD OF 'IDDA COMES TO AN END WITH THE BIRTH

OF THE CHILD

Bk 9, Number 3536:

'Ubaidullah b. 'Abdullah b. 'Utba (b. Mas'ud) reported that

his father wrote to Umar b. 'Abdullah b al Arqam al−Zuhri that

he would go to Subai'ah bint al−Hirith al−Aslamiyya (Allah be

pleased with her) and ask her about a verdict from him which

Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) gave her when she

had asked that from him (in regard to the termination of 'Idda

at the birth of a child) 'Umar b. Abdullah wrote to 'Abdullah

b. 'Utba informing him that Subai'ah had told him that she had

been married to Sa'd b. Khaula and he belonged to the tribe of

Amir b. Lu'ayy, and was one of those who participated in the

Battle of Badr, and he died in the Farewell Pilgrimage and she

had been in the family way at that time. And much time had not

elapsed that she gave birth to a child after his death and

when she was free from the effects of childbirth she

embellished herself for those who had to give proposals of

marriage. Abd al−Sunabil b. Ba'kak (from Banu 'Abd al−Dar)

came to her and said: What is this that I see you embellished;

perhaps you are inclined to marry, By Allah, you cannot marry

unless four months and ten days (of 'Idda are passed). When he

said that. I dressed myself, and as it was evening I came to

Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) and asked him about

it, and he gave me a religious verdict that I was allowed to

marry when I had given birth to a child and asked me to marry

if I so liked. Ibn Shihab said: I do not find any harm fur her

in marrying when she has given birth to a child even when she

is bleeding (after the birth of the child) except that her

husband should not go near her until she is purified.

Bk 9, Number 3537:

Abu Salama b. 'Abd al−Rahman and Ibn 'Abbas. (Allah be pleased

with them) got together in the house of Abu Huraira (Allah be

pleased with him) and began to discuss about the woman who

gave birth to a child a few nights after the death of her

husband. Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with then) ) said: Her

'Idda is that period which is longer of the two (between four

months and ten days and the birth of the child, whichever is

longer). AbuSalama, however said: Her period of 'Idda is over

(with the birth of the child), and they were contending with

each other over this issue, whereupon Abu Huraira (Allah be

pleased with him) said: I subscribe (to the view) held by my

nephew (i. e. Abu Salama). They sent Kuraib (the freed slave

of Ibn 'Abbas) to Umm Salama to ask her about it. He came

(back) to them and informed them that Umm Salama (Allah be

pleased with her) said that Subai'ah al−Aslamiyya gave birth

to a child after the death of her husband when the few flights

(had hardly) passed and she made mention of that to Allah's

Messenger (may peace be upon him) and he commanded her to

marry.

Bk 9, Number 3538:

This hadith has been narated with the same chain of

transrmitters except with a small change of words (and that

is): They sent him to Umm Salama, but no mention was made of

Kuraib.

Chapter 9: IT IS OBLIGATORY TO ABSTAIN FROM ADORNMENT DURING

THE 'IDDA PERIOD, BUT MOURNING BEYOND THREE DAYS IS PROHIBITED

Bk 9, Number 3539:

Zainab (bint Abu Salama) (Allah be pleased with her) reported:

I went to Umm Habiba, the wife of Allah's Apostle (may peace

be upon him), when her father Abu Sufyan had died. Umm Habiba

sent for a perfume having yellowness in it or something else

like it, and she applied it to a girl and then rubbed it on

her cheeks and then said: By Allah, I need no perfume but for

the fact that I heard Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon

him) say on the pulpit:" It is not permissible for a woman

believing in Allah and the Hereafter to mourn for the dead

beyond three days, but (in case of the death) of the husband

it is permissible for four months and ten days." Zainab said:

I then visited Zainab hint Jahsh (Allah be pleased with her)

when her brother died and she sent for perfume and applied it

and then said: By Allah, I don't feel any need for the perfume

but that I heard Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) say

on the pulpit:" It is not permissible for a woman believing in

Allah and the Hereafbler to mourn the dead beyond three days

except in case of her husband (for whom she can mourn) for

four months and ten days." Zainab (Allah be pleased with her)

said: I heard my mother Umm Salama (Allah be pleased with her)

as saying: A woman came to Allah's Messenger (may peace be

upon him) and said: Allah's Messenger. I have a daughter whose

husband has died and there has developed some trouble in her

eye; should we apply collyrium to it? Thereupon Allah's

Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: No (repeating it twice

or thrice, saying only, NO" all the time). Then he said: It is

only four mouths and ten days, whereas in the preIslamic

period none of you threw away the dung until one year had

passed. Humaid said: I said to Zainab: What is this throwing

of dung until a year is passed? Zainab said: When the husband

of a woman died, she went into a hut and put on her worst

clothes, and did not apply perfume or something like it until

a year was over. Then an animal like a donkey, or a goat, or a

bird was brought to her and she rubbed her hand over it, and

it so happened that one on which she rubbed her hand died. She

then came out of her house and she was given dung and she

threw it and then she made use of anything like perfume or

something else as she liked.

Bk 9, Number 3540:

Zainab bint Umm Salama (Allah be pleased with her) reported

that a relative of Umm Habiba (Allah he pleased with her)

died. She sent for a yellow (perfume) and applied that to her

forearm and said: I, am doing it, for I have heard Allah's

Messenger (may peace be upon him) saying: It is not

permissible for a woman believing in Allah and the Hereafter

to mourn beyond three days except the husband (for whom she

can mourn) for four months and ten days, This hadith was

narrated by Zainab from her mother and from Zainab, the wife

of Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him), or from some other

lady from among the wives of the Prophet (may peace be upon

him).

Bk 9, Number 3541:

Zainab bint Umm Salama (Allah be pleased with her) reported on

the authority of her mother that a woman lost her husband. (As

her eyes were ailing) they (her kith and kin) entertained fear

about her eyes, so they came to Allah's Apostle (may peace be

upon him) and sought permission for the use of collyrium,

whereupon Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: One

among you used to spend one year in a dungeon dressed in worst

clothes. (And at the end of this period) she threw dung at the

dog which happened to pass that way and then she came out (of

her 'Idda). Can't she (wait) even for four months and ten

days?

Bk 9, Number 3542:

Humaid b. Nafi' narrated two traditions from Umm Salama

dealing with collyrium and the other hadith from the wives of

Allah's Prophet (may peace be upon him) except with this that

no mention was made of Zainab.

Bk 9, Number 3543:

Zainab bint Abu Salama reported: Umm Salama and Umm Habiba

(Allah be pleased with them) were talking with each other (and

saying) that a woman came to Allah's Messenger (may peace be

upon him) and mentioned to him that her daughter had lost her

husband, and her eyes were sore and she wnted to use

collyrium, whereupon Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)

said: One among you used to throw dung at the end of a year,

and now (this abstinence from adornment) is only for four

months and ten days. (3544) Zainab bint Abu Salama reported

that when the news of the death of Abu Safyan came to Umm

Habiba she sent for yellow (perfume) on the third day and

rubbed it on her forearms and on her cheeks and said: I had in

fact no need of it, but I heard Allah's Messenger (may peace

be upon him) as saying: It is not permissible for the women

believing in Allah and the Hereafter to abstain from adornment

beyond three days except (at the death of) husband (in which

case she must abstain from adornment) for four months and ten

days. (3545) Safiyya bint Abu 'Ubaid reported on the authority

of Hafsa or 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with thein) or from both

of them that Allah's Messenger (may peace he upon him) said:

It is not permissible for a woman believing in Allah and the

Hereafter (or believing in Allah and His Messenger) that she

should observe mourning for the dead beyond three days except

in case of her husband. (3546) A hadith like this is

transmitted on the authority of Nafi' (3547) Safiyya bint Abu

'Ubaid reported that she heard Hafsa daughter of Umar (Allah

be pleased with them), (and) wife of Allah's Prophet (may

peace be upon him), narrating a hadith like this from Allah's

Apostle (may peace be upon him), and she made this addition:"

She should abstain from adorning herself (in case of the death

of her husband) for four months and ten days." (3548) Safiyya

bint Abu 'Ubaid narrated this tradition of Allah's Prophet

(may peace be upon him) on the authority of some wives of

Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) (3549) 'A'isha (Allah

be pleased with her) reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be

upon him) as saying: It is not permissible for a woman

believing in Allah and the Hereafter to observe mourning on

the dead for more than three (days), except in case of her

husband. (3550) Umm 'Atiyya (Allah be pleased with her)

reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) had

said: A woman must not observe mouriaing for one who had died

for more than three (days) except for four months and ten days

in the case of her husband. and she must not wear a dyed

garment except one of the types made of dyed yarn, or apply

collyrium, or touch perfume except a little perfume or

incense, when she has been purified after her courses. (3551)

A hadith like this has been narrated on the authority of

Hisham with the same chain of narrators but with a slight

variation of words. (3552) Umm 'Atiyya ('Allah be pleased with

her) said: We were forbidden to observe mourning for the dead

beyond three days except in the case of husband (where it is

permissible) for four months and ten days, and (that during

this period) we should neither use collyrium nor touch

perfume, nor wear dyed clothes, but concession was given to a

woman when one of us was purified of our courses to make use

of a little incense or scent.

Chapter 10: LI'AN (INVOKING CURSE)

Bk 9, Number 3553:

Sahl b. Sa'd al−Sa'idi reported that'Uwaimir al−'Ajlani came

to 'Asim b. 'Adi al−Ansari and said to him. Tell me about a

person who finds a man with his wife; should he kill him, and

be killed In retaliation; or how should he act? 'Asim, ask for

me (religious verdict about it) from Allah's Messenger (may

peace be upon him). So 'Asim asked Allah's Messenger (may

peace be upon him) and he did not like this question and he

disapproved of it so much that'Asim felt aggrieved at what he

had heard from Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him). When

'Asim came back to his family, 'Uwaimir came to him and said:

'Asim, what did Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) say

to you? 'Asim said to 'Uwaimir: You did not bring something

good. Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) did not like

this religious verdict that I sought from him. 'Uwaimir said:

By Allah, I will not rest until I have asked him about it.

'Uwaimir proceeded until he came to Allah's Messenger (may

peace be upon him) as he was sitting amidst people, and said:

Messenger of Allah, tell me about a person who found a man

with his wife. Should he kill him, and then you would kill

him, or how should he act? Thereupon Allah's Messenger (may

peace be upon him) said: (Verses) have been revealed

concerning you and your wife; so go and bring her. Sahl said

that they both invoked curses (and further said): I was along

with people in the company of Allah's Messenger (may peace be

upon him). And when they had finished, Uwaimir said: Allah's

Messenger, I shall have told a lie against her if I keep her

(now). So he divorced her with three pronouncements before

Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) had commanded him.

Ibn Shihab said: Subsequently that was the practice of

invokers of curses (al Mutala'inain)

Bk 9, Number 3554:

Sahl b. Sa'd reported.. 'Uwaimir al−Ansari (Allah be pleased

with him) from Banu'l−'Ajlan came to 'Asim b. 'Adi (Allah be

pleased with him) the remaining part of the hadith is the same

and it was also reecorded in it:" And subsequebtly the

separation became the practice of al−Mutala'inain." And this

addition was also made:" She was pregnant and her son was

ascribed to her, and it became customary that such (a son)

would inherit her and she would inherit him in the share

prescribed by Allah for her.

Bk 9, Number 3555:

Ibn Shihab narrated about the invokers of curses and the

practice of (li'an) based on the authority of Sahl b. Sa'd, of

the tribe of Sa'ida. that a person from the Ansar came to

Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) and said: Allah's

Messenger, tell me about the person who found a man with his

wife. The remaining part of the hadith is the same (but) with

this addition: They invoked curses in the mosque and I was

present there. And he narrated in the hadith: He divorced her

with three pronouncements before Allah's Messenger (may peace

be upon him) commanded him (to get separation). He separated

from her in the presence of Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon

him), whereupon he said: There is a separation between the

invokers of curses.

Bk 9, Number 3556:

Sa'id b Jubair reported: I was asked about the invokers of

curses during the reign of Mus'ab (b. Zubair) whether they

could separate (themselves by this process). He said: I did

not understand what to say. So I went to the house of Ibn

'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) in Mecca. I said to his

servant: Seek permission for Me. He said that he (Ibn 'Umar)

had been taking rest. He (Ibn 'Umar) heard my voice. and said:

Are you Ibn Jubair? I said: Yes. He'said: Come in. By Allah,

it must be some (great) need which has brought you here at

this Hour. So I got in and found him lying on a blanket

reclining against a pillow stuffed with fibres of date−palm. I

said: O Abu'Abd al−Rahman, should there be separation between

the invokers of curses? He said: Hallowed be Allah, yes, The

first one who asked about it was so and so. he said: Messenger

of Allah, tell me If one of us finds his wife committing

adultery: what should he do? If he talks, that is something

great, and if he keeps quiet that is also (something great)

(which he cannot afford to do). Allah's Prophet (may peace be

upon him) kept quiet (or some time). After some time he (that

very person) came to him (Allah's Messenger) and said: I have

been involved in that very cage about which I had asked you

Allah the Exalted and Majestic then revealed (these) verses of

Surah Nur:" Those who accuse their wives" (verse 6), and he

(the Holy Prophet) recited them to him and admonished him, and

exhorted him and informed him that the torment of the world is

less painful than the torment of the Hereafter. He said: No,

by Him Who sent you with Truth, I did not tell a lie against

her. He (the Holy Prophet) then called her (the wife of that

person who had accused her) and admonished her, and exhorted

her, and informed her that the torment of this world is less

painful than the torment of the Hereafter. She said: No, by

Him Who sent thee with Truth, he is a liar. (it was) the man

who started the swearing of oath and he swore in the name of

Allah four times that he was among the truthful. and at the

fifth turn he said: Let there be curse of Allah upon him if he

were among the liars. Then the woman was called and she swore

four times in the name of Allah that he (her husband) was

among the liars, and at the fifth time (she said): Let there

be curse upon her if he were among the truthful. He (the Holy

Prophet) then effected separation between the two. A hadith

like this is narrated by Ibn Numair with a slight variation of

words.

Bk 9, Number 3557:

Ibn Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported Allah's

Messenger (may peace be upon him) saying to the invokers of

curse: Your account is with Allah. One of you must be a liar.

You have now no right over this woman. He said: Messenger of

Allah, what about my wealth (dower that I paid her at the time

of marriage)? He said: You have no claim to wealth. If you

tell the truth, it (dower) is the recompense for your having

had the right to intercourse with her, and if you tell a lie

against her, it is still more remote from you than she is.

Zuhair said in his narration: Sufyan reported to us on the

authority of 'Amr that he had heard Sa'id b Jubair saying: I

heard Ibn Umar (Allah be pleased with them) saying that

Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) had said it.

Bk 9, Number 3558:

Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) said that Allah's

Messenger (may peace be upon him) effected separation between

the two members of Banu al−'Ajlan, and said: Allah knows that

one of you is a liar. Is there one to repent among you?

Bk 9, Number 3559:

Sa'id b. Jubair reported: I asked Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased

with them) about invoking curse (li'an), and he narrated

Similarly from Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him).

Bk 9, Number 3560:

Sa'id b. Jubair reported that Mus'ab b. Zubair did not effect

separation between the Mutala'inain (invokers of curses).

Sa'id said: It was mentioned to 'Abdullah b. Umar (Allah be

pleased with them) and he said: Allah's Apostle (may peace be

upon him) effected separation between the two members of Banu

al−'Ajlan.

Bk 9, Number 3561:

Nafi' reported on the authority of Ibn Umar (Allah be pleased

with them) that a person invoked curse on the wife during the

lifetime of Allah s Messenger (may peace be upon him), so he

effected separation between them and traced the lineage of the

son to his mother.

Bk 9, Number 3562:

Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported: Allah's

Messenger (may peace be upon him) asked a person from the

Anger and his wife to invoke curse (upon one another in order

to testify to their truthfulness), and then effected

separation between them.

Bk 9, Number 3563:

A hadith like this has been narrated on the authority of

'Ubaidulah with the same chain of transmitters.

Bk 9, Number 3564:

'Abdullah reported: We were on the night of Friday staying in

the mosque when a person from the Ansar came there and said:

If a person finds hiswoman along with a man, and he speaks

about it, you would lash him, and if he kills, you will kill

him, and if he keeps quiet he shall have to consume anger. By

Allah, I will definitely ask about him from Allah's Mescenger

(may peace be upon him). On the following day he came to

Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) and asked him thus:

If a man were to find with his wife a man and if he were to

talk about it, you would lash him; and if he killed, you would

kill him, and if he were to keep quiet. he would consume

anger, whereupon he (the Holy Prophet) said: Allah, solve

(this problem), and he began to supplicate (before Him), and

then the verses pertaining to li'an were revealed:" Those who

accuse their wives and have no witnesses except themselves"

(xxiv. 6). The person was then put to test according to these

verses in the presence of the people. There came he and his

wife in the presence of Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon

him), and they invoked curses (in order to testify their

claim). The man swore four times in the name of Allah that he

was one of the truthful and then invoked curse for the fifth

time saying: Let there be curse of Allah upon him if he were

among the liars. Then she began to invoke curse. Allah's

Messenger (may peace be upon him) said to her: just wait (and

curse after considering over it), but she refused and invoked

curse and when she turned away, he (Allah's Apostle) said: It

seems that this woman shall give birth to a curly−haired black

child, And so she did gave birth to a curly−haired black

child.

Bk 9, Number 3565:

A hadith like this is narrated on the authority of A'mash.

Bk 9, Number 3566:

Muhammad (one of the narrators) reported: I asked Anas b.

Malik (Allah be pleased with him) knowing that he had a

knowledge of (the case of li'an). He said: Hilal b. Umayya

(Allah be pleased with him) accused his wife with the charge

of fornication with Sharik b. Sahma, the brother of al−Bara'b

Malik from the side of his mother. And he was the first person

who invoked curse (li'an) in Islam. He in fact invoked curse

upon her. Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: See

to her if she gives birth to a white−complexioned child having

dark hair and bright eyes; he must be the son of Hilal b.

Umayya; and if she gives birth to a child with dark eyelids,

curly hair and lean shanks, he must be the offspring of Sharik

b. Sahma. He said: I was informed that she gave birth to a

child having dark eyelids, curly hair and lean shanks.

Bk 9, Number 3567:

Ibn Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) reported: Mention was

made of li'an in the presence of Allah's Messenger (may peace

be upon him). And Asim b. 'Adi passed a remark about it and

then turned away, and a man of his tribe came to him

complaining that he had found a man with his wife, whereupon

'Asim said: I have been taken by my words. He took him to

Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) and told him about

the man whom he had found with his wife and this man was a

lean, yellow−coloured man with lank hair, and the person who

was accused of committing adultery with her (his wife) had

fleshy shanks, with wheat complexion and heavy bulk. Allah's

Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: O Allah, make (this

case) manifest. And as she gave birth to a child, whose face

resembled that person about whom her husband had made mention

that he had found her with, and Allah's Messenger (may peace

be, upon him) had asked them to invoke curses. A person said

to Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with him): Is she (that woman)

about whom Allah's Messenger (may peace be upen him) (said):"

If I were to stone anybody without evidence, I would have

stoned her"? Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with him) said: No,

it is not she. That woman was one who openly spread evil in

society. This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Ibn

'Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) through another chain of

transmitters with the addition of these words: 'With flesh,

and curly tangled hair."

Bk 9, Number 3568:

'Abdullah b Shaddad reported that mention was made about the

invokers of curses before Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with

them). Ibn Shaddad said: Are these the two about whom Allah's

Apostle (clay peace be upon him) said." If I were to stone one

without evidence, I would have definitely stoned her"? Ibn

Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) said: She is not this

woman; but she is the one who (committed adultery) openly.

Bk 9, Number 3569:

Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported that Sa'd b.

'Ubada al−Ansari said: Messenger of Allah, tell the if a man

finds his wife with another person, should he kill him?

Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: No. Sa'd said:

Why not? I swear by Him Who has honoured you with Truth. There

upon Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: Listen to

what your chief says.

Bk 9, Number 3570:

Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported that Sa'd b.

Ubada (Allah be pleased with him) said: Messenger of Allah, if

I were to find with my wife a man, should I wait until I bring

four witnesses? He said: Yes.

Bk 9, Number 3571:

Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported that Sa'd b.

Ubada (Allah be pleased with him) said: Messenger of Allah, if

I were to find with my wife a man, should I not touch him

before bringing four witnesses? Allah's Messenger (may peace

be upon him) said: Yes. He said: By no means. By Him Who has

sent you with the Truth, I would hasten with my sword to him

before that. Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said:

Listen to what your chief says. He is jealous of his honour, I

am more jealous than he (is) and God is more jealous than I.

Bk 9, Number 3572:

AI−Mughira b. Shu'ba (Allah be pleased with him) reported that

Sa'd b. 'Ubada (Allah be pleased with him) said: If I were to

see a man with my wife, I would have struck him with the

sword, and not with the flat part (side) of it. When Allah's

Messenger (may peace be upon him) heard of that, he said: Are

you surprised at Sa'd's jealousy of his honour? By Allah, I am

more jealous of my honour than he, and Allah is more jealous

than I. Because of His jealousy Allah has prohibited

abomination, both open and secret And no person is more

jealous of his honour than Allah, and no persons, is more fond

of accepting an excuse than Allah, on account of which He has

sent messengers, announcers of glad tidings and warners; and

no one is more fond of praise than Allah on account of which

Allah has promised Paradise.

Bk 9, Number 3573:

A hadith like this has been transmitted on the authority, of

'Abd al−Malik b. Umair with the same chain of narraters but

with a slight change of words.

Bk 9, Number 3574:

Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported: There came a

person to the Holy Prophet (may peace he upon him) ) from Banu

Fazara and said: My wife has given birth to a child who is

black, whereupon Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) said:

Have you any camels? He said: Yes. He again said: What is this

colour? He said: They are red. He said: Is there a dusky one

among them? He said: Yes, there are dusky ones among them He

said: How has it come about? He said: It is perhaps the strain

to which it has reverted, whereupon he (the Holy Prophet)

said: It is perhaps the strain to which he (the child) has

reverted.

Bk 9, Number 3575:

This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Zuhri with

the same chain of transmitters. In the hadith transmitted on

the authority of Ma'mar, the (words are):" Messenger of Allah,

my wife has given birth to a dark−complexioned boy, and he at

that time was intending to disown him." And this addition has

been made at the end of the hadith:" He (the Holy Prophet) did

not permit him to disown him."

Bk 9, Number 3576:

Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported: A desert

Arab came to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) and

said: My wife has given birth to a dark−complexioned child and

I have disowned him. Thereupon Allah's Apostle (may peace be

upon him) said: Have you any camels? He said: Yes. He said:

What is their colour? He said? They are red. He said: Is there

anyone dusky among them? He said: Yes. Allah's Messenger (may

peace be upon him) said: How has it come about? He said:

Messenger of Allah, it is perhaps due to the strain to which

it has reverted, whereupon the Holy Prophet (may peace be upon

him) said: It (the birth) of the black child may be due to the

strain to which he (the child) might have reverted.

Bk 9, Number 3577:

A hadith like this has been narrated on the authority of Abu

Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) through another chain of

transmitters.

Chapter 11: EMANCIPATING A SLAVE

Bk 9, Number 3578:

Ibn Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported Allah's

Messenger may peace be upon him) as saying: If anyone

emancipates his share ina slave and has enough money to pay

the full price for him, a fair price for the slave should be

fixed, his partners given their shares, and the slave be thus

emancipated, otherwise he is emancipated only to the extent of

the first man's share.

Bk 9, Number 3579:

This hadith has been reported on the authority of Ibn 'Umar

through another chain of transmitters.

Bk 9, Number 3580:

Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's

Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: The slave who is

jointly owned by two persons, and is emancipated by one of

them, (this one) has liability (upon him to secure complete

freedom for that slave).

Bk 9, Number 3581:

Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased witli him) reported Allah's

Prophet (may peace be upon him) as saying: If anyone

emancipates a share in a slave, he is to be completely

emancipated if he has money; but if he has none, the slave

will be required to work to pay for his freedom, but must not

be over−burhened.

Bk 9, Number 3582:

This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Sa'id b. Abu

'Aruba with the same chain of transmitters but with the

addition:" If he (one of the joint owners emancipating the

slave) has not (enough) money (to secure freedom for the other

half) a fair price for the slave should be fixed, and he will

be required to work to pay for his freedom, but must not be

over−burdened.

Bk 9, Number 3583:

A hadith like this is reported on the authority of the same

chain of transmitters but with a slight change of words.

Chapter 12: THE RIGHT OF INHERITANCE OF PROPERTY VESTS WITH

ONE WHO EMANCIPATES THE SLAVE

Bk 9, Number 3584:

Ibn Umar reported that 'A'isha decided to buy a slave−girl and

then set her free, but her masters said: We are prepared to

sell her to you on the condition that her right of inheritance

would vest with you. She (Hadrat A'isha) made a mention of

that to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) whereupon he

said: This should not stand in your way. The right of

inheritance vests in one who emancipates.

Bk 9, Number 3585:

'A'isha (Allah be pjeased with her) reported that Barira came

to her in order to seek her help in securing freedom, but she

had (so far) paid nothing out of that sum stipulated in the

contract. 'A'isba said to her. Go to your family (who owns

you), and if they like that I should pay the amount (of the

contract) on your behalf (for purchasing your freedom), then I

shall have the right in your inheritance. (If they accepted

it) I am prepared (to make this payment). Barira made a

mention of that to the (members of) her family, but they

refused and said: If she (Hadrat 'A'isha) wants to do good to

You for the sake of Allah, she may do it, but the right of

inheritance will be ours. She (Hadrat 'A'isha) made a mention

of that to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him), and he

said to her: Buy her, and emancipate her, for the right of

inheritance vests with one who emancipates (the slave).

Allah's Messenger, may peace be upon him) then stood up and

said: What has happened to the people that they lay down

conditions which are not (found) in the Book of Allah? And he

who laid down a condition not found in the Book of Allah, that

is not valid. even if it is laid down hundred times. The

condition laid down by Allah is the most weighty and the most

valid.

Bk 9, Number 3586:

'A'isha, the wife of Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him),

reported: Barira came to me and said: 'A'isha, I have entered

into contract for securing freedom with my family (who owns

me) for nine 'uqiyas (of silver), one 'uqiya every year The

rest of the hadith is the same (but with this addition):" This

(the problem of the right of inheritance) should not stand in

your way. Buy her, and set her free. He said in a hadith:

Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) stood up among men,

extolled Allah, praised Him, and then said:" for......"

Bk 9, Number 3587:

'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: Barira came to

me and said: My family (owners) have made contract with me

(for granting freedom) for nine 'uqiyas (of silver) payable in

nine years, one 'uqiya every year. Help me (in making this

payment). I said to her: If your family so desires, I am

prepared to make them the full payment in one instalment, and

thus secure freedom for you, but the right of inheritance will

vest in me, if I do so. She (Barira) made a mention of that to

her family, but they refused (except) on the condition that

the right of inheritance would vest in them. She came to me

and made mention of if She ('A'isha) said: I scolded her. She

(Barira) said: By Allah, it is not possible (they will never

agree to it). And as she was saying it, Allah's messenger (may

peace be upon him) heard, and he asked me, I informed him and

he said: Buy her and emancipate her, and let the right of

inherit− ance vest in them, for they cannot claim it

(rightfully) since the right of inherritance vests with one

who emancipates (the slave; therefore, these people have no

right to lay such false claims). And I did so. She ('A'isha)

said: Then Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) delivered

a sermon in the evening. He extolled Allah and praised Him

with what He deserves, and then said afterwards,: What has

happened to the people that they lay down conditions which are

not found in the Book of Allah? And the condition which is not

found in the Book of Allah is invalid, even if its number is

one hundred. The Book of Allah is more true (than any other

deed) and the condition laid down by Allah is more binding

(than any other condition). What has happened to the people

among you that someone among you says:" Emancipate so and so,

but the right of inheritance vests in me"? Verily, the right

of inheritance vests in one who emancipates.

Bk 9, Number 3588:

Hisham b. 'Urwa narrated a hadith like this with the same

chain of trans− mitters except (with this change) that in the

hadith transmitted on the authority of jartr (the words are):

Her (Barira's) husband was a slave, so Allah's Messenger (may

peace be upon him) gave her the option (either to retain her

matrimonial relation with her husband or sever it off). She

opted to break off (and secure freedom for her even from the

matrimonial alliance). And if he were free he would not have

given her the option. In the hadith narrated on the authority

(of this chain of transmitters) these words are not found:

Amma ba'du.

Bk 9, Number 3589:

'Abd al−Rahman b. al. Qasim reported on the authority of his

father: 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) said: There were

three issues which were clarified in case of Barira: her

owners had decided to sell her on the condition that the right

of her inheritance would vest with them. She ('A'isha) said: I

made a mention of that to Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon

him) and he said: Buy her and emancipate her, for verily the

right of inheritance vests with one who emancipates. She said

that she emancipated (her) and Allah's Messenger (may peace be

upon him) gave her the option (either to retain her

matrimonial alliance or break it after emancipation). She

(taking advantage of the option) opted for herself (the

severing of matrimonial alliance). 'A'isha said: The people

used to give her charity and she gave us that as gift. I made

a mention of it to Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him),

whereupon he said: That is charity for her but gift for you,

so take that.

Bk 9, Number 3590:

'A'isha (Allah's be pleased with her) reported that she had

bought Barira from the people of Ansar, but they laid down the

condition that the right of inheritance (would vest in them),

whereupon Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: The

right of inheritance vests with one who shows favour (who

emancipates) and Allah's Messenger (may peacebe upon him) gave

her the choice (either to retain) her matrimonial alliance or

break it). Her husband was a slave. She (Barira also) gave

'A'isha some meat as gift. Allah's Messenger (may peace be

upon him) said: I wish you could prepare (cook) for us out of

this meat. 'A'isha said, It has been given as charity to

Barira, whereupon he said: That is charity for her and gift

for us.

Bk 9, Number 3591:

'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: She wanted to

buy Barira with a view to emancipating her. They (the sellers)

laid down the condition that the right of inheritance would

vest (with them). She (Hadrat 'A'isha) made a mention of that

to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him), whereupon he

said: Buy her and emancipate her for the right of inheritance

vests with one who emancipates. Allah's Messenger (may peace

be upon him) was given meat as gift. They (his Companions)

said to Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him): This was

given as charity to Barira, whereupon he said: That is charity

for her but gift for us. And she was given option (to retain

her matrimonial alliance or to break it). Abd al−Rahman said:

Her husband was a free man. Shu'ba said: I then asked him (one

of the narrators) about Barira's husband (whether he had been

a free mart or a slave), whereupon he said: I do not know.

Bk 9, Number 3592:

This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Shu'ba with

the same chain of transmitters.

Bk 9, Number 3593:

'A'isha reported that the husband of Barira was a slave.

Bk 9, Number 3594:

'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her). the wife of Allah's

Apostle (may Peace be upon him) said: Three are the Sunan

(usages) (that we came to know in case of Bairara). She was

given option in regard to her husband when she was

emancipated. Sbe was given meat as charity. Allah's Messenger

(way peace be upon him) visited me when an earthen pot with

meat in it was placed on the fire. He asked for food and be

was given bread with ordinary meat (usually cooked in the)

house. Thereupon he (Allah's Messenger) said: Don't I see the

earthen pot on fire with meat in it? They said: Yes. Allah's

Messenger, there is meat in it which was given as charity to

Barira. We did not deem it advisable that we should give you

that to eat, whereupon he said: It is charity for her, but it

is gift for us. Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) also

said: The right of inheritance vests with one who emancipates.

Bk 9, Number 3595:

Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported: 'A'isha

(Allah be pleated with her) thought of buying a slave−girl and

emancipating her, but her owners refused to (sell her but on

the condition) that the right of inheritance would vest in

them. She made a mention of that to Allah's Messenger (may

peace be upon him). whereupon he said: Let this (condition)

not stand in your way for the right of inheritance vests with

one who emancipates.

Chapter 13: IT IS FORBIDDEN TO SELL AL−WALA' (THE RIGHT OF

INHERITANCE OF A SLAVE) AND ITS CONFERRING ON OTHERS

Bk 9, Number 3596:

Ibn Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported that Allah's

Messenger (may peace he upon him) forbade the selling and

making a gift of the right of inheritance of a slave. Imam

Muslim said: All the persons depend upon Abdullah b. Dinar in

regard to this hadith.

Bk 9, Number 3597:

This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Ibn 'Umar

(Allah be pleased with them) through another chain of

transmitters but with this change that in tba hadith narrated

by al−Thaqafi from Ubaidullah there is only a mention of

selling (or right of inheritance, al−Wala' ) but not that of

making a gift.

Chapter 14: IT IS FORBIDDEN FOR A SLAVE TO TAKE ANYONE AS HIS

ALLY EXCEPT ONE WHO EMANCIPATES HIM

Bk 9, Number 3598:

Jabir b. Abdullah (Allah be pleased with them) reported that

Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) made it obligatory for

every tribe (the payment) of blood−wit; he then also made it

explicit that it is not permissible for a Muslim to make

himself the ally (of the slave emancipated by another) Muslim

without his permission. He (the narrator further added): I was

informed that he (the Holy Prophet) cursed the one who did

that (and it was recorded) in his Sahifa (in a document).

Bk 9, Number 3599:

Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported that Allah's

Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: He who takes anyone as

his ally without the consent of his previous master, there

will be the curse of Allah and that of His angels upon him,

and neither, any obligatory act of his nor the supererogatory

one will be accepted (by Allah).

Bk 9, Number 3600:

Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's

Apostle (may peace be upon him) as saying: He who took the

freed slave as his ally without the consent of his previous

master, there is upon him the curse of Allah and that of His

angels and that of the whole mankind, and there will not be

accepted from him his obligatory acts or supercrogatory acts

on the Day of Resurrection. This hadith is narrated through

the same chain of transmitters, but with a slight change of

words.

Bk 9, Number 3601:

Ibrahim al−Taimi reported on the authority of his father: 'Ali

b. Abu Talib (Allah be pleased with him) addressed us and

said: He who thinks that we (the members of the Prophet's

family) read anything else besides the Book of Allah and this

Sahifa (and he said that Sahifa was tied to the scabbard of

the sword) tells a lie. (This Sahifa) contains (problems)

pertaining to the ages of the camels and (the recompense) of

the injuries, and it also records the words of the Prophet

(may peace be upon him): Medina is a sacred territory from

'Ayr to Thaur (it is most probably Uhud). He who innovates (an

act or practice) or gives protection to an innovator, there is

a curse of Allah and that of His angels and that of the whole

humanity upon him. Allah will not accdpt from him (as a

recompense) any obligatory act or supererogatory act, and the

responsibility of the Muslims is a joint responsibility; even

the lowest in rank can undertake the responsibility (on behalf

of others), and he who claims anyone else as his father

besides his own father or makes one his ally other than the

one (who freed him), there is a curse of Allah. that of His

angels and that of the wholemankind upon him. Allah will not

accept the obligatory act of the supererogatery act (as a

recompense) from him.

Chapter 15: EXCELENCE OF EMANCIPATING A SLAVE

Bk 9, Number 3602:

Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's

Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: If anyone

emancipates a Muslim slave, Allah will set free from Hell an

organ of his body for every organ of his (slave's) body.

Bk 9, Number 3603:

Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's

Messenger (may peace benpon him) as saying: He who emancipates

a slave, Allah will set free from Hell every limb (of his

body) for every limb of his (slave's) body, even his private

parts.

Bk 9, Number 3604:

Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported: I heard

Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: He who

emancipates a believing slave. Allah will set free from Fire

his every limb for every limb of his (slave's), even his

private parts for his.

Bk 9, Number 3605:

Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's

Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: A Muslim who

emancipates a Muslim (slave). Allah will save from Fire every

limb of his for every limb (of the slave). Sa'id b. Marjana

said: When I heard this hadith from Abu Huraira (Allah be

pleased with him), I went away and made a mention of it to

'Ali b. Husain and he at once emancipated the slave for which

Ibn ja'far was prepared to pay ten thousand dirhams or one

thousand dinars.

Chapter 16: EXCELLENCE OF SECURING THE EMANCIPATION OF FATHER

Bk 9, Number 3606:

Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's

Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: A son does not

repay what he owes his father unless he buys him (the father)

in case he is a slave and then emancipates him. In the

narration transmitted by Ibn Abu Shaiba there is a slight

change of words.

Bk 9, Number 3607:

A hadith like this has been narrated on the authority of

Suhail with the same chain of transmitters.